What is the Virginia Defense Force (VDF) and what is its current size?

The Virginia Defense Force (VDF) is the official state defense force of Virginia. As of 2023, it has approximately 275 personnel, serving as a component of the state's military alongside the Virginia National Guard and the unorganized militia.

What are the three components of Virginia's state military, including the VDF?

Virginia's state military is composed of three main elements: the Virginia Defense Force (VDF), the Virginia National Guard (which includes the Virginia Army National Guard and the Virginia Air National Guard), and the unorganized militia.

What are the historical predecessors of the Virginia Defense Force and their active periods?

The Virginia Defense Force is a descendant of several historical organizations. These include the Virginia Militia (active 1607–1754), the Virginia Regiment (active 1754–1901), the Virginia Volunteers (active 1917–1921), and the Virginia State Guard (active 1941–1947). The Virginia Defense Force itself has been active from 1985 to the present.

What is the primary role of the Virginia Defense Force?

The primary role of the Virginia Defense Force is to provide defense support of civil authority, meaning it assists civilian agencies and the National Guard during emergencies and other state-level operations.

To which state department does the Virginia Defense Force belong, and who are its top commanders?

The Virginia Defense Force is part of the Virginia Department of Military Affairs. Its Commander in Chief is the Governor of Virginia, Glenn Youngkin. The state military leadership includes Major General James W. Ring as the Adjutant General of the DMA and Brigadier General Richard Diddams as the VDF Commanding General, with CSM Christopher Howlett serving as the Command Sergeant Major.

What notable historical figures served as commanders in organizations that are predecessors to the VDF?

Notable historical figures who commanded predecessors of the Virginia Defense Force include George Washington, who served from 1754 to 1758, and Robert E. Lee, who commanded from 1862 to 1865. These figures played significant roles in early American military history.

Where is the Virginia Defense Force Command headquartered and where does it conduct drills?

The Virginia Defense Force Command is headquartered at the historic Old City Hall in Richmond, Virginia. However, its personnel conduct their drills out of the Waller Armory, also located in Richmond.

What is the maximum authorized strength of the Virginia Defense Force under state law, and how are its personnel typically comprised?

State law allows the Virginia Defense Force to grow to as many as 7,800 troops when activated by a call out from the Governor. The VDF is primarily an all-volunteer force, but it can be augmented by draftees from the unorganized militia if activated to 'Active Duty' status by the Governor of Virginia.

What are the eligibility requirements for individuals to join the Virginia Defense Force, including restrictions related to other military service?

To join the Virginia Defense Force, applicants must be legal residents of the United States and the Commonwealth of Virginia, possess a valid Social Security number, be between 16 and 65 years old (with parental consent for minors), have the physical ability to perform assigned duties, have no felony convictions, and demonstrate good moral character. Additionally, individuals who are members of a reserve component of the armed forces are not eligible to join, though retired active Army or Reserve components officers or soldiers may be eligible with prior gubernatorial approval.

When was the Virginia Militia first formed, and what were its initial purposes and early significant events?

The Virginia Militia was formed in 1607 as part of the English militia system. Its initial purposes were to provide an organized defense against attacks and to maintain order during disasters. A significant early event was the Indian massacre of 1622, which led Governor Sir Francis Wyatt to mandate monthly drills for all men and appoint officers for the first time in 1623. By 1676, the militia had responded to numerous Indian raids and served during Bacon's Rebellion.

How did the Virginia Regiment originate, and what was its significance during the Seven Years' War?

The Virginia Regiment was formed in 1754 by Governor Dinwiddie out of the Virginia Militia. Its creation was a response to continuous warfare between the British and French Empires, as well as conflicts with Indian tribes and French incursions. It was significant as the first all-professional colonial regiment ever raised in the New World, and it was granted the status of a regular British Army regiment during the Seven Years' War (also known as the French and Indian War in North America).

Who were the initial commanders of the Virginia Regiment?

Colonel Joshua Fry was selected as the first commander of the Virginia Regiment, with George Washington serving as its Lieutenant Colonel. Washington later became its Colonel in 1755.

How was the Virginia Regiment transformed during the American Revolutionary War, and what new units were formed?

As revolutionary sentiment grew, the House of Burgesses reconstituted and significantly expanded the Virginia Regiment. In 1776, the state reorganized it into ten infantry regiments, known as 'The Virginia Line,' and also established the first mounted infantry unit, the Virginia Light Horse Regiment.

Describe the formation and role of the Virginia Light Horse Regiment during the American Revolution.

The Virginia Light Horse Regiment was organized in the summer of 1776 by Colonel Theodorick Bland, a Virginia Militia officer, and commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Henry Lee III, also known as 'Light Horse Harry.' This unit was primarily composed of sons from wealthy planter and merchant families of Virginia. In November of that year, it was integrated into the Continental Army and re-designated as the 1st Continental Light Dragoons, with its 5th Troop, formed by Henry Lee, eventually evolving into Lee's Legion and the 2nd Partisan Corps, which served as the main cavalry force in the Southern Campaign until 1783.

What was the fate of Virginia's military units during the Mexican-American War, the American Civil War, and the Spanish-American War?

During the Mexican-American War in 1846, main county units mustered for service, but the Virginia Regiment did not deploy west and was stood down in 1848. These units later formed the core of the Virginia Divisions of the Confederacy in the American Civil War. For the Spanish-American War in 1898-1899, Virginia troops mustered and were incorporated into the 2nd U.S. Virginia Volunteer Cavalry and Infantry, but they were not deployed and were stood down in 1901, with the exception of the Fourth Virginia Infantry, Fourth Regiment Volunteers from Norfolk, which was sent to Cuba.

What roles did the Virginia State Volunteers and the Virginia Protective Force play during World War I and World War II, respectively?

During World War I, the Virginia State Volunteers, later renamed the Virginia Volunteers, were organized from 1917 to 1921 as a state defense force. They supported civil authorities by guarding critical infrastructure like bridges, waterways, fuel storage areas, and public buildings, armed with surplus weapons. In World War II, Governor Price established the Virginia Protective Force on January 2, 1941, to handle stateside duties of the National Guard due to anticipated American involvement in the war, and this force was disbanded in 1947.

When and how was the Virginia Defense Force permanently re-activated in its modern form?

The Virginia Defense Force was permanently re-activated in 1983, following a change in the post-Civil War Constitution of Virginia. This change allowed the Commonwealth to re-establish the Virginia Regiment pursuant to federal law under Title 32 Section 109 of the U.S. Code, which pertains to the re-formation of state guard units. The command was modernized and aligned with U.S. Army regulations for Guard and Reserve forces.

What unique historical distinction does the Virginia Defense Force hold regarding its battle participation?

The Virginia Defense Force is one of the few U.S. military units that can claim battle participation for campaigns and wars that occurred prior to the Declaration of Independence in 1776, reflecting its deep historical roots in the colonial Virginia Militia and Regiment.

With which specific British and French Army regiments can the Virginia Regiment claim historical participation?

Due to its campaigns in the 18th century, the Virginia Regiment, now the VDF, can claim participation alongside British Army regiments such as the 44th and 48th Infantry regiments (now the Royal Anglian Regiment) and the Queen's Royal Hussars. It also claims participation with French Army units including the 5th Regiment de Hussards, 2d Regiment de Dragoons, and the 12th Cuirassier Regiment.

What recent emergency response mission did the Virginia Defense Force undertake in March 2020?

In March 2020, elements of the Virginia Defense Force were activated to assist in Virginia's response to the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically by providing support for medical and logistics planning efforts.

What are the four primary missions of the Virginia Defense Force as outlined in the Code of Virginia?

According to the Code of Virginia, the VDF's primary missions are: to provide an adequately trained organized reserve militia to assume control of Virginia National Guard facilities and secure federal and state property during National Guard mobilization; to assist in the mobilization of the Virginia National Guard; to support the Virginia National Guard in providing family assistance to military dependents within the Commonwealth during mobilization; and to provide a military force to respond to the Governor's call in specific circumstances described in § 44–75.1.

What type of uniform do VDF members wear, and what are its distinct insignia?

Members of the Virginia Defense Force wear an 'M81' woodland-camouflaged version of the Army Combat Uniform (ACU). This uniform features distinct insignia, including the Virginia State flag on the right shoulder, olive drab (OD) tapes with 'VIRGINIA' over the left breast pocket, and a subdued OD VDF patch on the left shoulder. OD skill rockers are also authorized for wear above the VDF unit patch for those who meet the criteria.

How do VDF officers' dress and formal uniforms differ from their combat uniforms?

For dress functions, VDF officers wear the standard 'blues' uniform, and for formal functions, they wear the regular Army 'Mess Dress.' These dress uniforms are modified with brass or gold rank insignia, a symbol of crossed saber and musket representing the militia, buttons bearing the Great Seal of the Commonwealth of Virginia, and red nameplates. Officers with prior Federal service are also authorized to wear their prior service dress uniforms.

What is the targeted membership size for the Virginia Defense Force, and under what conditions can it be activated?

The Virginia Code Title 44–54 sets the targeted membership of the Virginia Defense Force at 1,200 members. The force can be activated by an executive order of the Governor in the event of a state emergency, or by the President if a disaster area is declared.

What restrictions and authorizations apply to firearm training for VDF members?

Virginia Code Title 44–54.12 specifically prohibits members of the Defense Force from training with firearms without the explicit instruction and authorization of the Governor. This means that while they may use armories and state lands, their use of weapons is tightly controlled.

What specialized training and roles is the Virginia Defense Force developing into as a Civil Affairs command?

The Virginia Defense Force is evolving into a Civil Affairs command, providing training in military-related specialties such as communication, infrastructure restoration, public shelters, traffic control, and unarmed security missions. This focus allows them to support civilian populations and infrastructure during crises.

Explain the purpose and function of the Shelter Augmentation Liaison Teams (SALT) within the VDF.

The VDF maintains several Shelter Augmentation Liaison Teams (SALT), each consisting of three members. These teams serve as liaisons between the Virginia State Police and the Virginia National Guard during stateside emergencies. Their function is to deploy with the state police, document existing practices and procedures, and then brief the arriving National Guard on these procedures to ensure a smooth transition of shelter management responsibilities.

What was the organizational structure of the Virginia Defense Force prior to its major reorganization in 2014?

Prior to 2014, the Virginia Defense Force's command structure consisted of a single Light infantry division, known as the George Washington Division. Its headquarters, along with an attached Military Police Company and Communications Battalion, operated out of the Virginia National Guard Headquarters in Richmond, overseeing five regiments located across the Commonwealth.

Which specific units were dissolved during the VDF's major force-wide reorganization by the end of 2013?

During the major force-wide reorganization of the Virginia Defense Force by the end of 2013, several units were dissolved. These included the Aviation Battalion, the Riverine Detachment, and the Military Police Battalion.

How did the VDF's regimental structure change between 2015 and 2019?

By 2015, the 5th Regiment, originally based out of Gate City, was consolidated into the 4th Regiment, becoming its 'C Company.' The 3rd Regiment, initially based in Winchester, was relocated to Richmond and placed in a reserve status. This set the stage for further consolidation in 2019.

What was the outcome and stated purpose of the consolidation of VDF regiments on September 29, 2019?

On September 29, 2019, the Virginia Defense Force consolidated its remaining four regiments into a single 1st Regiment during a ceremony at Ft. Barfoot. The 2nd, 3rd (Reserve), and 4th Regiments were stood down. According to Brigadier General Justin P. Carlitti, the Commanding General of the VDF, this consolidation aimed to improve the unit's agility, boost morale, reduce workloads, and prepare the VDF for future growth in both its mission and size.

Describe the capabilities provided by the civil support security platoons and communications platoons in the current VDF structure.

In the current VDF structure, civil support security platoons, formerly known as Force Protection units, provide capabilities such as traffic management, access control, gate sentry duties, vehicle searches, and unarmed security missions. Communications platoons utilize HF radios and tactical communication packages to facilitate data and voice messaging, as well as incident management during operations.

List the current major units of the Virginia Defense Force and their headquarters locations.

The current major units of the Virginia Defense Force and their headquarters are: VDF Headquarters in Richmond, the 1st Regiment with its Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC) in Richmond, the Communications Battalion in Lynchburg, and the 31st Cyber Battalion with its Battalion HQ in Manassas, Virginia.

What are the specific companies and their locations within the 1st Regiment of the VDF?

Within the 1st Regiment of the Virginia Defense Force, the companies and their respective locations are: HHC in Richmond, A Company in Lynchburg, B Company in Warrenton, C Company in Winchester, D Company in Virginia Beach, E Company in Fairfax, and F Company in Cedar Bluff, Virginia.

Where are the headquarters and companies of the 31st Cyber Battalion located?

The 31st Cyber Battalion of the Virginia Defense Force has its Battalion Headquarters located in Manassas, Virginia. Its companies include A Company in Fairfax, Virginia, and B Company in Richmond, Virginia.

What were the responsibilities of the VDF Aviation Battalion, and when was it dissolved?

The VDF Aviation Battalion maintained fifteen privately owned aircraft and was responsible for conducting damage assessment, aerial reconnaissance, and search and rescue missions. It also assisted the DEA with counter-drug trafficking reconnaissance in rural areas of Virginia. This battalion was dissolved during the VDF's major reorganization in the fall of 2013.

What was the role of the VDF Riverine Detachment, and when was it disbanded?

The VDF Riverine Detachment was capable of conducting inland aquatic search and rescue operations, as well as transport and security operations. It unofficially carried the traditions of the Virginia State Navy. This detachment was dissolved in the spring of 2013 as part of a reorganization.

What functions did the VDF Military Police perform, and what was their status as a law enforcement agency?

The VDF Military Police operated less-than-lethal security missions, training in areas such as command post security, first responder duties, incident management, traffic and crowd control, riot control, vehicle checkpoints, and searches. They were considered a Commonwealth of Virginia Law Enforcement agency until their dissolution in the major force-wide reorganization in the fall of 2013. Some former personnel were then re-designated as HQ Security and Access Control Teams for their respective regiments.

Describe the former VDF 2nd Regiment, its headquarters, and its area of responsibility.

The former VDF 2nd Regiment was headquartered in Manassas and was responsible for Northern Virginia. It consisted of A Company, which operated in Manassas and Fairfax, and B Company, which operated in Fredericksburg and Bowling Green, with detachments in Warrenton and Culpeper. This regiment was stood down on September 29, 2019, during a consolidation.

What was the history and eventual fate of the VDF 3rd Regiment?

Originally, the VDF 3rd Regiment's headquarters and A Company were based in Winchester, with B Company in Leesburg and C Company in Charlottesville. Following a reorganization, it was placed in a Reserve status and relocated to Richmond. The 3rd Regiment was eventually stood down in a ceremony at Ft. Pickett on September 29, 2019, as part of a larger consolidation.

What was the composition and eventual fate of the VDF 4th Regiment?

The VDF 4th Regiment was headquartered in Lynchburg and comprised three companies: A Company in Bedford, B Company in Lynchburg, and C Company in Gate City/Pulaski, which included remnants of the 5th Regiment. This regiment was stood down in a ceremony at Ft. Pickett on September 29, 2019, as part of the force's consolidation.

What happened to the VDF 5th Regiment?

The Virginia Defense Force 5th Regiment, which was originally based out of Gate City, was de-activated in 2015. Its remaining companies, detachments, personnel, and materials were subsequently absorbed into the 4th Regiment, where they formed the 4th Regiment's Company C.

What legal protections are guaranteed to Virginia Defense Force members regarding their civilian employment?

The Code of Virginia guarantees that members of the Virginia Defense Force who are called to active duty or training are entitled to a leave of absence from their civilian jobs and full reemployment rights after their deployment or training concludes. However, these protections do not extend to members employed out of state or by the Federal government.

Name at least five ribbons or medals awarded to members of the Virginia Defense Force.

Members of the Virginia Defense Force are eligible for various awards, including the Life Saving Medal (LSM), Distinguished Service Medal (DSM), Meritorious Service Medal (MSM), Commendation Medal (CM), and Achievement Medal (AM). Other awards include the Active Service Ribbon, Service Ribbon, Community Service Ribbon, and Attendance Ribbon, among others.

Virginia Defense Force Wiki: Guardians of the Commonwealth: Unpacking the Virginia Defense Force

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What is the VDF?

A State Defense Force

The Virginia Defense Force (VDF) serves as the official state defense force of Virginia, constituting one of three integral components of the Commonwealth's state military apparatus. This structure also includes the Virginia National Guard, which encompasses both the Virginia Army National Guard and the Virginia Air National Guard, alongside the unorganized militia. The VDF traces its lineage through a rich history, descending from the Virginia State Guard, the Virginia Regiment, and ultimately, the Colonial Virginia militia established within the Virginia Colony.

Structure and Authority

As of 2023, the VDF comprises approximately 275 dedicated personnel.^[1] Its command headquarters is situated in the historic Old City Hall in Richmond, Virginia, with drilling operations conducted at the Waller Armory, also in Richmond. Virginia state law permits the VDF to expand significantly, potentially reaching up to 7,800 troops, who can be activated by the Governor when necessary. The VDF operates on an all-volunteer basis unless activated to "Active Duty" status, at which point it can be augmented by unorganized militia draftees under the Governor's directive.

Federal Mandate

Purely state-level forces like the VDF are authorized by the federal government under 32 U.S.C. § 109. This statute explicitly states that such state forces, as a collective entity, cannot be called, ordered, or drafted into the armed forces of the United States, thereby preserving their distinct separation from the National Guard. However, it is important to note that individual members of state-level forces are not exempt from federal armed forces service by virtue of their VDF membership. Furthermore, 32 U.S.C. § 109(e) stipulates that individuals who are members of a reserve component of the armed forces are ineligible to join a state defense force. Retired officers or soldiers from Active Army or Reserve components may, with prior gubernatorial approval, transfer their commission to a state military command and continue service at their present or a higher rank.^[2]

A Storied History

Colonial Foundations (1607-1754)

The lineage of the Virginia Defense Force dates back to 1607 with the formation of the Virginia Militia. Established as part of the English militia system, its primary purpose was to provide an organized defense against attacks and to maintain order during disasters. Following the devastating Indian massacre of 1622, Governor Sir Francis Wyatt mandated monthly drills for all Virginia Militia men on their county courthouse greens and appointed officers for the first time. By 1676, the Virginia Militia had actively responded to numerous Indian raids and played a role in Bacon's Rebellion.

The Virginia Regiment (1754-1901)

Amidst the continuous conflicts between the British and French Empires and ongoing skirmishes with Indian tribes, the Virginia Regiment was formally established by Governor Dinwiddie in 1754, drawing from the existing Virginia Militia. This marked a significant development as it was the first all-professional colonial regiment raised in the New World, eventually granted the status of a regular British Army regiment during the Seven Years' War. Notable commanders include Colonel Joshua Fry and Lieutenant Colonel George Washington, who later became its Colonel in 1755, establishing its command in Winchester, Virginia. The regiment, a hybrid force of "foote, rangers and mounted" troops, participated in the southern campaigns of the French and Indian War before its colors were retired in 1758, and its members returned to the Virginia Militia.

With the advent of the American Revolutionary War, the House of Burgesses dramatically expanded and reconstituted the Virginia Regiment, reorganizing it into ten infantry regiments known as "The Virginia Line." Concurrently, the first mounted infantry unit, the Virginia Light Horse Regiment, was organized under Colonel Theodorick Bland and commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Henry Lee III ("Light Horse Harry"). This unit, largely composed of the Virginia aristocracy, was integrated into the Continental Army in 1776 as the 1st Continental Light Dragoons. Henry Lee's 5th Troop evolved into Lee's Legion and later the 2nd Partisan Corps, serving as a primary cavalry force in the Southern Campaign until its colors were retired in 1783.

Later, in 1846, county units mustered for the Mexican-American War, though the Virginia Regiment did not deploy. These units formed the core of the Confederate Virginia Divisions during the American Civil War. After a period of limited activity during Reconstruction, Virginia troops again mustered for the Spanish-American War, forming the 2nd U.S. Virginia Volunteer Cavalry and Infantry in 1898/99. Most were stood down by 1901, with the exception of the Fourth Virginia Infantry, Fourth Regiment Volunteers (Norfolk), which served in Cuba.

20th Century & Modern Re-activation

During World War I (1917-1921), the Virginia State Volunteers (later Virginia Volunteers) were organized as a state defense force, guarding critical infrastructure and public facilities. In anticipation of World War II, Governor Price established the Virginia Protective Force on January 2, 1941, which assumed the stateside duties of the National Guard until its disbandment in 1947.^[4]

The modern Virginia Defense Force was permanently re-activated in 1983, following a change in the post-Civil War Constitution of Virginia and pursuant to federal law (Title 32 Section 109). This reorganized command was modernized, brought into alignment with U.S. Army regulations for Guard and Reserve forces, and established as the VDF, commanded by a Major General subordinate to the Governor and assigned to the Adjutant General's forces within the Virginia Department of Military Affairs. The VDF is one of the few U.S. military units that can claim battle participation for campaigns predating the 1776 Declaration of Independence, having fought alongside British and French regiments in 18th-century conflicts. More recently, in March 2020, elements of the VDF were activated to support Virginia's COVID-19 response through medical and logistics planning.^[5]

Core Mission

Supporting the National Guard

The Code of Virginia explicitly defines the mission of the Virginia Defense Force, primarily focusing on its role in supporting the Virginia National Guard. This support is critical during various operational phases, particularly when the National Guard is mobilized for federal service or engaged in state-level emergencies. The VDF ensures continuity and stability within the Commonwealth's defense infrastructure.

The VDF's mission directives include:^[6]

Facility and Property Security: To provide a well-trained, organized reserve militia capable of assuming control of Virginia National Guard facilities and securing all federal and state property left in place, especially during the mobilization of the Virginia National Guard.
Mobilization Assistance: To actively assist in the mobilization efforts of the Virginia National Guard, ensuring a smooth and efficient transition of personnel and resources.
Family Assistance: To support the Virginia National Guard in delivering essential family assistance services to military dependents within the Commonwealth, particularly during periods of National Guard mobilization.
Gubernatorial Response: To serve as a military force ready to respond to the Governor's call in circumstances outlined in § 44–75.1 of the Code of Virginia, addressing state-specific emergencies and needs.

Membership Requirements

Eligibility Criteria

Prospective applicants seeking membership in the Virginia Defense Force must fulfill a specific set of eligibility requirements to ensure they are suitable for service within this vital state organization. These criteria are designed to maintain the professionalism, readiness, and integrity of the VDF.^[2]

Residency: Must be a legal resident of both the United States and the Commonwealth of Virginia.
Identification: Possess a valid Social Security number.
Age: Be between 16 and 65 years of age. Minors (under 18) are required to provide written consent from a parent or legal guardian.
Physical Fitness: Demonstrate the physical ability necessary to perform duties in any assigned billet.
Criminal Record: Have no felony convictions.
Character: Exhibit good moral character.

Uniforms & Insignia

Field and Service Dress

Members of the Virginia Defense Force wear a distinctive "M81" woodland-camouflaged version of the Army Combat Uniform (ACU).^[2] These uniforms are adorned with specific insignia that clearly identify VDF personnel and their affiliation with the Commonwealth of Virginia. Officers also utilize standard "blues" uniforms for formal dress functions and the regular Army "Mess Dress" for highly formal events.

Key uniform modifications and insignia include:

Right Shoulder: Bears the Virginia State flag.
Left Breast Pocket: Features OD (Olive Drab) tapes, including a "VIRGINIA" tape.
Left Shoulder: Displays a subdued OD VDF patch.
Skill Rockers: Authorized OD skill rockers may be worn above the VDF unit patch on the left shoulder by those who meet the specific criteria.
Officer Dress Uniforms:
- Brass/gold rank insignia.
- Crossed saber and musket symbols, representing the militia heritage.
- Buttons bearing the Great Seal of the Commonwealth of Virginia.
- Red nameplates.
Prior Service: Individuals with prior Federal service are authorized to wear their respective prior service dress uniforms.

Historically, the VDF no longer uses abbreviations such as VaDF, VA DEFENSE FORCE, or Virginia State Guard; modern tapes now exclusively read "VIRGINIA."

Operational Functionality

Structure and Activation

The creation of a state defense force by a state is explicitly authorized by 32 USC 109 (c). Title 44–54 of the Virginia Code sets the targeted membership of the Virginia Defense Force at 1,200 members. Activation of the VDF is typically initiated by an executive order from the Governor in the event of a state emergency, or by the President if a disaster area is declared. It is important to note that Title 44–54.12, while providing for the use of armories and other state lands for Defense Force purposes, specifically prohibits members of the Defense Force from training with firearms without the explicit instruction or authorization of the Governor.^[6]

Evolving Capabilities

The VDF is continually evolving, transitioning into a Civil Affairs command. This strategic shift involves providing specialized training in a range of military-related disciplines crucial for civil support. These include advanced communication protocols, infrastructure restoration techniques, management of public shelters, effective traffic control, and unarmed security missions. VDF companies and battalions conduct self-training throughout the year, culminating in an annual division-wide training exercise at Fort Barfoot, Virginia. Many VDF members also undertake training with federal and state agencies such, FEMA, NIMS (National Incident Management System), ICS (Incident Command System), the United States Armed Forces, Virginia State Police, and meet the requirements of SGAUS (State Guard Association of the United States).

Emergency Response & Support

During the Iraq War, the VDF was tasked with critical stateside duties, including securing vacated armories, maintaining equipment, and providing essential support to the families of deployed troops.^[7] The VDF also maintains specialized Shelter Augmentation Liaison Teams (SALT). Each SALT consists of three VDF members who act as crucial liaisons between the Virginia State Police and the Virginia National Guard. In the event of a stateside emergency requiring the National Guard to assume shelter management from the police, these teams deploy with the state police, document existing practices and procedures, and then brief the arriving National Guard units to ensure a seamless transition of command.^[8] The Virginia Military Advisory Council serves as the Defense Force's direct link to higher authority and the staff of the Adjutant General of Virginia. In 2011, the Virginia Legislature allocated approximately $240,000 to the Virginia Defense Force.

Organizational Units

Reorganization and Consolidation

Prior to 2014, the Virginia Defense Force's command structure was organized as a single Light Infantry division, known as the George Washington Division. This division, with its headquarters and attached Military Police Company and Communications Battalion, operated out of the Virginia National Guard Headquarters in Richmond, overseeing five Regiments distributed across the Commonwealth.^[9] A significant force-wide reorganization by the end of 2013 led to the dissolution of several units, including the Aviation Battalion, Riverine Detachment, and Military Police Battalion. By 2015, the 5th Regiment was consolidated into the 4th Regiment as 'C Company,' and the 3rd Regiment was relocated to Richmond in a reserve status. As a result, the VDF's headquarters, now termed "Force Headquarters," moved to Waller Depot in Richmond, Virginia.

On September 29, 2019, the Virginia Defense Force further consolidated its remaining four regiments into a single entity, the 1st Regiment. During a ceremony at Fort Barfoot, the 2nd, 3rd (Reserve), and 4th Regiments were officially stood down, and the 1st Regiment was established as a unified command. According to Brigadier General (VA) Justin P. Carlitti, Commanding General of the VDF, this consolidation aimed to enhance the unit's agility, boost morale, reduce administrative workloads, and strategically position the VDF for future growth in both its mission scope and size.^[10]

Current Structure (2019–Present)

The VDF is designed to act as a force multiplier for the Virginia National Guard. As of 2020, its command structure is organized as a single regiment, the 1st Regiment, which comprises six line companies strategically located across the state. Each company is further divided into platoons with specialized focuses on civil support security and communications. These civil support security platoons provide essential capabilities such as traffic management, access control, gate sentry duties, and vehicle searches. The communications platoons utilize HF radios and tactical communication packages for data and voice messaging, as well as incident management.^[10]

The major units of the VDF and their headquarters are:

VDF Headquarters: Richmond
1st Regiment:
- Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC): Richmond, Virginia
- A Company: Lynchburg, Virginia
- B Company: Warrenton, Virginia
- C Company: Winchester, Virginia
- D Company: Virginia Beach, Virginia
- E Company: Fairfax, Virginia
- F Company: Cedar Bluff, Virginia
Communications Battalion: Lynchburg
31st Cyber Battalion:
- Battalion HQ: Manassas, Virginia
- A Company: Fairfax, Virginia
- B Company: Richmond, Virginia

Former Units

Over its long history, the Virginia Defense Force has adapted its structure to meet evolving needs, leading to the formation and eventual dissolution of various specialized units. These former components played significant roles in the VDF's operational capabilities during their active periods.

VDF Aviation Battalion: This battalion maintained fifteen privately owned aircraft and conducted critical missions such as damage assessment, aerial reconnaissance, and search and rescue. It also assisted the DEA with counter-drug trafficking reconnaissance in rural areas. The Aviation Battalion was dissolved during the major reorganization in the fall of 2013.^[11]
VDF Riverine Detachment: Capable of conducting inland aquatic search and rescue operations, as well as transport and security, this detachment was dissolved in the spring of 2013. It unofficially carried the traditions of the Virginia State Navy.
VDF Military Police: Operating less-than-lethal security missions, the Military Police trained in command post security, first responder techniques, incident management, traffic and crowd control, vehicle checkpoints, and personal searches. It functioned as a Commonwealth of Virginia Law Enforcement agency until its dissolution in the fall of 2013, with some former personnel re-designated as HQ Security and Access Control Teams.
VDF 2nd Regiment: Previously headquartered in Manassas, it was responsible for Northern Virginia, with companies operating in Manassas, Fairfax, Fredericksburg, Bowling Green, Warrenton, and Culpeper.
VDF 3rd Regiment: Originally based in Winchester, with companies in Leesburg and Charlottesville, it was later placed in a Reserve status and relocated to Richmond before being stood down on September 29, 2019.
VDF 4th Regiment: Headquartered in Lynchburg, it comprised three companies garrisoned in Bedford, Lynchburg, and Gate City/Pulaski (the latter being remnants of the 5th Regiment). It was stood down on September 29, 2019.
VDF 5th Regiment: Originally based out of Gate City, it was deactivated in 2015, with its remaining components absorbed into the 4th Regiment as Company C.

Legal Protections

Employment Rights

The Code of Virginia provides specific legal protections for members of the Virginia Defense Force when they are called to active duty or training. These provisions are designed to safeguard their civilian employment and ensure their ability to return to their jobs after fulfilling their military obligations to the Commonwealth. This legal framework underscores the state's commitment to supporting its volunteer defense force members.

Key legal protections include:

Leave of Absence: Members are entitled to a leave of absence from their civilian employment when called to active duty or training with the VDF.^[13]
Reemployment Rights: Upon the conclusion of their deployment or training, members are guaranteed full reemployment rights, ensuring they can return to their previous positions without penalty.^[12]

However, it is crucial to note that these protections primarily apply to members employed within the Commonwealth of Virginia or by its political subdivisions. Members employed outside of Virginia or by the Federal government do not typically enjoy such state-level reemployment protections.^[12]

Awards & Recognition

Honoring Service and Achievement

The Virginia Defense Force recognizes the dedication and achievements of its members through a comprehensive awards program. These ribbons and medals acknowledge various forms of meritorious service, acts of valor, sustained commitment, and successful completion of specialized training. The awards system reflects the VDF's commitment to fostering excellence and acknowledging the contributions of its volunteers to the security and well-being of the Commonwealth.^[14]

The following ribbons and medals are awarded to members of the Virginia Defense Force:

Life Saving Medal (LSM)
Distinguished Service Medal (DSM)
Meritorious Service Medal (MSM)
Commendation Medal (CM)
Achievement Medal (AM)
Active Service Ribbon (ASR)
Service Ribbon (SR)
Community Service Ribbon (CSR)
Attendance Ribbon (AR)
Noncommissioned Officer Development Ribbon (NCODR)
Recruiting and Retention Ribbon (RRR)
State Guard Association of the United States Longevity Ribbon (SGAUSR)
State Guard Association of the United States Membership Ribbon (SGAUSLR)
VDF Unit Readiness Citation (Dead Eye)

Several awards are now considered obsolete, reflecting changes in training programs and organizational structure:

Response Management Staff College Completion Ribbon
Operational Staff, Command, Control & Communications Course Ribbon (OSC3R)
Advanced Leader Course Ribbon (ALCR)
Company Leader Course Ribbon (CLCR)

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References

James Mooney, "The Powhatan Confederacy, Past and Present," American Anthropologist 9, no. 1 (Jan. â Mar., 1907), 129â52.

A full list of references for this article are available at the Virginia Defense Force Wikipedia page

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Disclaimer

Important Notice

This page was generated by an Artificial Intelligence and is intended for informational and educational purposes only. The content is based on a snapshot of publicly available data from Wikipedia and may not be entirely accurate, complete, or up-to-date.

This is not official military or security advice. The information provided on this website is not a substitute for official directives, regulations, or consultation with qualified military or security professionals. Always refer to official Virginia Defense Force documentation, state laws, and federal statutes, and consult with appropriate authorities for specific operational, legal, or policy guidance. Never disregard official guidance or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website.

The creators of this page are not responsible for any errors or omissions, or for any actions taken based on the information provided herein.

Guardians of the Commonwealth

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What is the VDF? ℹ️

🏛️ A State Defense Force

👥 Structure and Authority

⚖️ Federal Mandate

A Storied History 📜

🕰️ Colonial Foundations (1607-1754)

⚔️ The Virginia Regiment (1754-1901)

🌍 20th Century & Modern Re-activation

Core Mission 🎯

🤝 Supporting the National Guard

Membership Requirements ✅

📝 Eligibility Criteria

Uniforms & Insignia 🎖️

👕 Field and Service Dress

Operational Functionality ⚙️

📊 Structure and Activation

🧭 Evolving Capabilities

🚨 Emergency Response & Support

Organizational Units 🗺️

🔄 Reorganization and Consolidation

🌐 Current Structure (2019–Present)

⏳ Former Units

Legal Protections ⚖️

🛡️ Employment Rights

Awards & Recognition 🏆

🏅 Honoring Service and Achievement

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References

📜 References

Feedback & Support 👍

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Disclaimer ⚠️

📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

What is the VDF?

A State Defense Force

Structure and Authority

Federal Mandate

A Storied History

Colonial Foundations (1607-1754)

The Virginia Regiment (1754-1901)

20th Century & Modern Re-activation

Core Mission

Supporting the National Guard

Membership Requirements

Eligibility Criteria

Uniforms & Insignia

Field and Service Dress

Operational Functionality

Structure and Activation

Evolving Capabilities

Emergency Response & Support

Organizational Units

Reorganization and Consolidation

Current Structure (2019–Present)

Former Units

Legal Protections

Employment Rights

Awards & Recognition

Honoring Service and Achievement

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice