What is Wonsan, and where is it geographically located?

Wonsan is a port city and naval base situated in Kangwon Province, North Korea. It lies on the westernmost part of the Sea of Japan, along the eastern side of the Korean Peninsula.

What were some of the historical and alternative names for Wonsan?

Wonsan has been known by several other names throughout history. These include Yonghunghang, Yuanshan in Chinese, Genzan or Gensan in Japanese, and Port Lazareva or Port Lazarev in Russian. Its original name was Wonsanjin.

When was the port of Wonsan opened, and by whom?

The port of Wonsan was opened by Japanese forces in the year 1880.

What significant event related to the Korean War occurred in Wonsan?

During the Korean War (1950-1953), Wonsan was the site of the Blockade of Wonsan. The city was captured by American and South Korean troops in October 1950, later fell under Chinese control in December 1950, and was subjected to heavy bombing and shelling by United Nations forces.

What are the recent development plans for Wonsan, particularly concerning tourism?

In recent years, Wonsan has been targeted for significant development as a summer destination. Plans include the construction of resorts, entertainment facilities, new infrastructure like Kalma Airport, and a complete redevelopment of the city center, aiming to attract both domestic and international visitors.

What is the approximate area of Wonsan, and what are its key geographical features?

Wonsan covers an area of 269 square kilometers (104 square miles). Geographically, it is characterized by its excellent natural port location on the Sea of Japan. Mountains such as Mt. Changdok and Mt. Nap'al are situated to the west of the city, and over 20 small islands are located in its coastal area. Mount Kumgang is also located near Wonsan.

How is Wonsan administratively structured?

Wonsan serves as the administrative center for Kangwon Province. The City of Wonsan (Wonsan-si) is further divided into 45 neighborhoods, known as 'tong', and 14 villages, known as 'ri'.

What type of climate does Wonsan experience?

Wonsan has a humid continental climate, classified under the Köppen climate classification as Dwa. This indicates a climate with significant seasonal temperature variations and precipitation.

What were some of the historical names for the Wonsan region during ancient Korean dynasties?

During the rule of Goguryeo, the area was known as Eo eul mae and Chonjung county. After being incorporated into Silla in 681, it became Jungchon county. Under Taejo of Goryeo, it was renamed Yongju, and later Uiju, with a fortress constructed in 1108. From 1258 to 1356, it was part of the Ssangseong Prefectures.

What was the significance of Wonsan's opening as a trade port in 1880 and its development under Japanese rule?

Wonsan opened as a trade port in 1880, originally named Wonsanjin. During the period of Japanese rule from 1910 to 1945, it was called Gensan. The city was heavily industrialized and became a crucial distribution hub for trade between Korea and mainland Japan, further developing with the opening of railway lines connecting it to Pyongyang and Seoul.

How long did the American navy's siege and bombardment of Wonsan last during the Korean War?

According to the official US Navy history, Wonsan was under continuous siege and bombardment by the American navy from March 1951 until July 27, 1953. This prolonged engagement is noted as the longest siege in modern American naval history.

What are Kim Jong Un's plans for redeveloping Wonsan's city center?

Kim Jong Un announced plans in 2015 for a substantial redevelopment of Wonsan's city center, involving its complete demolition and rebuilding. The project includes the construction of a 5-star hotel, a 17-story Wonsan International Finance Centre, and a large exhibition hall, representing a significant investment.

What type of food is commonly consumed in Wonsan, and what is a local specialty?

As a coastal city, Wonsan is known for its abundant seafood. A notable local delicacy from Kangwon Province, which includes Wonsan, is boiled rice with clam meat.

What are some of the key industries and economic activities in Wonsan?

Wonsan hosts several important industries, including an aquatic product processing factory, a shipyard, a chemistry enterprise, and a cement factory. It is also home to the 4 June Rolling Stock Works, one of North Korea's largest factories for railway rolling stock. The city is also a focus for tourism development, with initiatives like the Wonsan-Mt. Kumgang International Tourist Zone aimed at attracting foreign investment.

Which railway lines serve Wonsan, and what highways connect to the city?

Wonsan is served by stations on the Kangwon Line of the Korean State Railway, including a branch line to the port. It is also a terminus for major road networks, including the P'yongyang-Wonsan Tourist Motorway and the Wonsan-Kumgangsan Highway.

What type of urban transit system operates in Wonsan, and what are its recent developments?

Wonsan currently operates a trolleybus system with two lines, which opened in 1988. In recent years, there have been efforts to expand and modernize the system to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. New trolleybus lines have been under construction, and a covered depot was opened. A tram line is also under construction, intended for the resort area.

What is notable about Wonsan Airport?

Wonsan Airport is a dual-purpose facility serving both military and civilian needs. It features multiple runways, and significant expansion, including the construction of two new runways, was indicated by satellite imagery in 2014. The city also has an underground air force runway. Wonsan Airport hosted North Korea's first public air show in 2016.

What was the significance of the *Mangyongbong-92* ferry service connected to Wonsan?

The *Mangyongbong-92* was a ferry that operated between Wonsan and Niigata, Japan. It served as the sole direct maritime connection between Japan and North Korea. However, this service was suspended in 2006 when Japan imposed a ban on North Korean ships.

What media facilities are present in Wonsan?

Wonsan has at least one provincial newspaper. Additionally, the Korean Central Broadcasting Station operates a 250-kilowatt mediumwave transmitter broadcasting on 882 kHz AM from the city.

Name at least three educational institutions located in Wonsan.

Wonsan is home to numerous educational institutions, including Songdowon University, Kumgang University, Tonghae University, the Jong Jun Thaek University of Economics, Wonsan University of Medicine, and the Jo Gun Sil University of Engineering. The Maritime Patrol Academy, which trains commissioned officers for the Korean People's Navy, is also located there.

What sports club is based in Wonsan, and in which league does it play?

The city of Wonsan is home to the Unpasan Sports Club. This association football club competes in the DPR Korea First Class Sports Group, which is the premier league in North Korea.

What is the general reputation of Wonsan as a tourist destination?

Wonsan has historically been considered a popular tourist destination, attracting both Korean and international visitors. It is known for its scenic coastal areas and is being developed with modern resorts and attractions.

What key features are part of the Wonsan Special Tourist Zone?

Announced in 2014, the Wonsan Special Tourist Zone is a large development covering over 400 square kilometers. It includes numerous historical relics, numerous sand beaches, hundreds of tourist attractions, mineral springs, bathing resorts, and natural lakes. The Masikryong Ski Resort was built as part of this initiative, and a golf course is also planned.

Describe the Songdowon area and its significance.

Songdowon is a scenic spot located by the Sea of Japan, approximately 3 km northwest of downtown Wonsan. It is renowned for its beautiful combination of clear blue waters, white sandy beaches, dense pine forests, and flowering plants, creating a picturesque landscape. The area is organized as a large amusement park spanning about 500 hectares, divided into various scenic zones.

What are the characteristics and registered status of Lake Sijung?

Lake Sijung is a lake on the seaside, situated on the road between Wonsan and Mt. Kumgang. Originally a small lagoon blocked by sand, it is now a registered natural monument covering 2.94 square kilometers with a circumference of 11.8 km. It offers opportunities for sea and lake tours, and its mud is known for traditional therapeutic treatments ('Gamthang'). The lake is surrounded by a white sandy beach.

What is notable about Ullim Falls?

Ullim Falls is recognized as one of Korea's most famous waterfalls, standing 75 meters high. It is named for the sound of the water that shakes the valley and travels a considerable distance. The falls originate in the Masikryong Mountains, with a significant volume of water cascading down a steep cliff into a pond below. It serves as a popular cultural recreation ground.

When was the Wonsan Kalma Coastal Tourist Area inaugurated, and who is it primarily open to?

The Wonsan Kalma Coastal Tourist Area was inaugurated on June 24, 2025, and opened to domestic tourists on July 1, 2025. Currently, it is barred to most international tourists, with limited access primarily for Russians, and its opening periodicity for foreign visitors is uncertain.

Name two of Wonsan's sister cities.

Wonsan has several sister cities, including Sakaiminato in Japan, Puebla in Mexico, and Vladivostok in Russia.

Which mountains are located to the west of Wonsan?

Mt. Changdok (Changdok-san) and Mt. Nap'al (Nap'al-san) are located to the west of Wonsan.

What was the Russian name for Wonsan?

The Russian name for Wonsan was Port Lazarev (or Lazaref).

What major highways connect to Wonsan?

Wonsan is connected to the national road network and serves as the terminus for the P'yongyang-Wonsan Tourist Motorway and the Wonsan-Kumgangsan Highway.

What is the capacity and approximate cost per week for the Songdowon International Children's Camp?

The Songdowon International Children's Camp has a maximum capacity of 1,200 children after renovations. The cost for international children to attend the camp is approximately $300 USD per week.

What is the 4 June Rolling Stock Works known for?

The 4 June Rolling Stock Works in Wonsan is recognized as one of the largest railway rolling stock factories in North Korea.

Which month experiences the highest average daily maximum temperature in Wonsan?

August has the highest average daily maximum temperature in Wonsan, reaching approximately 27.3°C (81.1°F).

Which month experiences the lowest average daily minimum temperature in Wonsan?

January experiences the lowest average daily minimum temperature in Wonsan, with an average of -5.7°C (21.7°F).

How many 'tong' (neighborhoods) and 'ri' (villages) are there in Wonsan City?

The City of Wonsan is divided into 45 'tong' (neighborhoods) and 14 'ri' (villages).

What was the administrative status of the region around Wonsan from 1258 to 1356?

From 1258 to 1356, the region that is now Wonsan was part of the Ssangseong Prefectures.

What claim is made about the Wonsan Kalma Coastal Tourist Area regarding its size as a beach resort?

The Wonsan Kalma Coastal Tourist Area is claimed to be the largest single-owned beach resort in the world.

Which academy in Wonsan trains commissioned officers for the Korean People's Navy?

The Maritime Patrol Academy, located in Wonsan, serves as the commissioned officer's training school for the Korean People's Navy.

What is the Köppen climate classification for Wonsan?

Wonsan's climate is classified as Dwa under the Köppen climate classification system.

What is the average annual precipitation in Wonsan?

The average annual precipitation in Wonsan is approximately 1,350 millimeters (53.15 inches).

Which month receives the highest average precipitation in Wonsan?

July receives the highest average precipitation in Wonsan, with about 319.1 mm (12.56 inches).

What is the average relative humidity in Wonsan throughout the year?

The average relative humidity in Wonsan varies throughout the year, with the highest average humidity in August (83.7%) and the lowest in January (52.7%). The annual average relative humidity is 65.8%.

What is the significance of Wonsan's location in relation to provincial capitals after the 1946 border redrawing?

After provincial borders were redrawn in 1946, Wonsan became the capital of the northern half of Kangwon Province. This was because the traditional capitals, Wonju and Ch'unch'on, were located south of the 38th parallel and thus south of the Military Demarcation Line.

What is the purpose of the Wonsan Zone Development Corporation?

The Wonsan Zone Development Corporation is a state corporation established with the goal of facilitating feasibility studies for a wide variety of hotels, commercial developments, and industrial projects in the Wonsan area, particularly as part of its transformation into a resort destination.

What are the average daily maximum and minimum temperatures in Wonsan during March?

In March, the mean daily maximum temperature in Wonsan is around 9.8°C (49.6°F), while the mean daily minimum temperature is approximately 1.0°C (33.8°F).

What is the average number of precipitation days per year in Wonsan?

Wonsan experiences an average of 88.2 days with precipitation (0.1 mm or more) per year.

What is the average number of snowy days in Wonsan annually?

Wonsan has an average of 17.9 snowy days per year.

What is the approximate population of Wonsan according to a 2013 estimate?

The population of Wonsan was estimated to be 329,207 in 2013.

What is the significance of the Wonsan International Friendship Air Festival?

The Wonsan International Friendship Air Festival, held at Wonsan Airport, was North Korea's first public air show, taking place in September 2016.

What is the name of the prominent football club based in Wonsan?

The association football club based in Wonsan is called Unpasan Sports Club.

Wonsan Wiki: Wonsan: Gateway to the East Sea's Shores

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Overview

Port City Identity

Wonsan is a significant port city and naval base situated in Kangwon Province, on the eastern coast of the Korean Peninsula. It overlooks the Sea of Japan, serving as a crucial maritime hub.

Population & Administration

As of 2013, the city's population was estimated at 329,207. Wonsan functions as the provincial capital of Kangwon Province, overseeing 45 neighborhoods (dong) and 14 villages (ri).

Historical Significance

With roots tracing back to ancient times, Wonsan opened as a trade port in 1880. It played a notable role during the Korean War, becoming the site of the prolonged Blockade of Wonsan.

Geography

Coastal Location

Wonsan covers an area of 269 square kilometers (104 sq mi). It is strategically located on the westernmost part of the Sea of Japan, forming a key part of the peninsula's eastern coastline.

Natural Features

The city is flanked by mountains, including Mt. Changdok and Mt. Nap'al to the west. Its immediate coastal area is dotted with over 20 small islands, enhancing its appeal as a natural harbor. Mount Kumgang, a renowned natural landmark, is situated nearby.

Climate

Climate Data

Wonsan experiences a humid continental climate (Köppen Dwa). The data below, compiled by the Korea Meteorological Administration, provides detailed monthly averages for temperature and precipitation.

Climate data for Wonsan (1991–2020)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	2.6 (36.7)	4.7 (40.5)	9.8 (49.6)	16.7 (62.1)	21.5 (70.7)	24.3 (75.7)	27.0 (80.6)	27.3 (81.1)	23.6 (74.5)	18.7 (65.7)	11.5 (52.7)	4.7 (40.5)	16.0 (60.8)
Daily mean °C (°F)	−1.7 (28.9)	0.4 (32.7)	5.3 (41.5)	11.5 (52.7)	16.5 (61.7)	20.1 (68.2)	23.4 (74.1)	23.8 (74.8)	19.6 (67.3)	14.0 (57.2)	7.2 (45.0)	0.6 (33.1)	11.7 (53.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	−5.7 (21.7)	−3.8 (25.2)	1.0 (33.8)	6.7 (44.1)	11.9 (53.4)	16.6 (61.9)	20.5 (68.9)	21.0 (69.8)	15.9 (60.6)	9.6 (49.3)	3.0 (37.4)	−3.2 (26.2)	7.8 (46.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	21.9 (0.86)	26.9 (1.06)	34.6 (1.36)	58.1 (2.29)	96.1 (3.78)	128.9 (5.07)	319.1 (12.56)	279.3 (11.00)	201.8 (7.94)	76.9 (3.03)	71.6 (2.82)	34.8 (1.37)	1,350 (53.15)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm)	4.0	4.0	5.1	6.3	7.7	10.1	13.9	13.2	8.1	6.0	6.1	3.7	88.2
Average snowy days	5.1	4.2	3.7	0.6	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.9	3.3	17.9
Average relative humidity (%)	52.7	54.5	56.5	57.2	67.0	78.2	82.9	83.7	77.9	66.0	58.3	54.2	65.8
Source: Korea Meteorological Administration

History

Ancient Roots

Evidence suggests human habitation in the Wonsan area dates back to the Neolithic and Bronze Ages. Historically, it was known by various names, including Eo eul mae and Chonjung county under Goguryeo, and later became part of Silla and Goryeo, with a fortress constructed in 1108.

Modern Development

The Russian Empire surveyed the area in 1854. Wonsan officially opened as a trade port in 1880, originally named Wonsanjin. Under Japanese rule (1910–1945), it was known as Gensan and developed into an industrial and distribution center, connected by railway lines to Pyongyang and Seoul.

Korean War Impact

During the Korean War, Wonsan was captured by UN forces in October 1950 but later fell under Chinese control. It endured heavy bombing and shelling as the site of the extensive Blockade of Wonsan, leaving the city heavily damaged by the war's end.

Redevelopment Efforts

In recent years, particularly under Kim Jong Un's leadership, Wonsan has been the focus of significant redevelopment plans. These include a new 5-star hotel, financial centers, and the transformation of the Kalma Peninsula into a major tourist resort.

Economy

Industrial Base

Wonsan hosts several key industries, including an aquatic product processing factory, a shipyard, chemical enterprises, and a cement factory. It is also home to the 4 June Rolling Stock Works, one of North Korea's largest railway rolling stock manufacturers.

Investment and Tourism Zone

The Wonsan-Mt. Kumgang International Tourist Zone, announced in 2014, aims to attract investment. Plans include extensive residential complexes, international financial buildings, and commercial facilities, positioning Wonsan as a key economic development area.

Transportation

Rail and Road Networks

Wonsan is a terminus for the Kangwon Line of the Korean State Railway, with a branch serving the port. The city is integrated into the national road network and is the endpoint for the Pyongyang-Wonsan Tourist Motorway and the Wonsan-Kumgangsan Highway.

Urban Transit

The city operates a trolleybus system with multiple lines, aiming to promote environmentally friendly public transport. Plans for a tram line are also underway, reflecting ongoing modernization efforts in urban mobility.

Air and Sea Links

Wonsan features a dual-purpose military and civilian airport (Wonsan Airport). Historically, it served as the terminus for the Mangyongbong-92 ferry, connecting North Korea to Japan, though this service is currently suspended.

Tourism

Scenic Attractions

Wonsan is renowned for its natural beauty, including Songdowon beach, known for its clear waters and pine forests, designated as a national sightseeing point. Myongsasibri, a four-mile sandy stretch on the Kalma Peninsula, is another key coastal attraction.

Children's Camp and Resorts

The Songdowon International Children's Camp hosts international youth, offering various activities and cultural exchanges. The nearby Masikryong Ski Resort and the developing Wonsan Kalma Coastal Tourist Area aim to enhance Wonsan's status as a major tourist destination.

Cultural and Natural Sites

Beyond coastal attractions, Wonsan offers cultural sites like Sokwangsa Temple, showcasing traditional Korean architecture. Natural sites such as Lake Sijung, known for its therapeutic mud, and Ullim Falls, a majestic waterfall, add to the region's appeal.

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References

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This page was generated by an Artificial Intelligence and is intended for informational and educational purposes only. The content is based on a snapshot of publicly available data from Wikipedia and may not be entirely accurate, complete, or up-to-date.

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The creators of this page are not responsible for any errors or omissions, or for any actions taken based on the information provided herein.

Wonsan: Gateway to the East Sea's Shores

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

Overview ℹ️

⚓ Port City Identity

📈 Population & Administration

🏛️ Historical Significance

Geography 🌍

📍 Coastal Location

🏞️ Natural Features

Climate ☀️

🌡️ Climate Data

History 📜

⏳ Ancient Roots

🚢 Modern Development

💥 Korean War Impact

🏗️ Redevelopment Efforts

Economy 💰

🏭 Industrial Base

💼 Investment and Tourism Zone

Transportation 🚆

🛤️ Rail and Road Networks

🚌 Urban Transit

✈️ Air and Sea Links

Tourism 🏖️

🏞️ Scenic Attractions

🏕️ Children's Camp and Resorts

🏛️ Cultural and Natural Sites

Teacher's Corner 🧑‍🏫

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References

📜 References

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Disclaimer ⚠️

📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Overview

Port City Identity

Population & Administration

Historical Significance

Geography

Coastal Location

Natural Features

Climate

Climate Data

History

Ancient Roots

Modern Development

Korean War Impact

Redevelopment Efforts

Economy

Industrial Base

Investment and Tourism Zone

Transportation

Rail and Road Networks

Urban Transit

Air and Sea Links

Tourism

Scenic Attractions

Children's Camp and Resorts

Cultural and Natural Sites

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice