What was Barry Goldwater's full birth name and his birth and death dates?

Barry Morris Goldwater was born on January 2, 1909, and passed away on May 29, 1998.

What business did Barry Goldwater help manage and eventually take over from his family?

Goldwater helped manage and later took over his family's department store business, Goldwater's Department Store, in Phoenix.

What role did Goldwater play in the U.S. Air Force during World War II?

During World War II, Goldwater received a reserve commission in the United States Army Air Force, trained as a pilot, and was assigned to the Ferry Command, flying aircraft and supplies to war zones, primarily between the U.S. and India.

What significant action did Goldwater take regarding the Arizona Air National Guard in 1946?

As Colonel of the Arizona Air National Guard, Goldwater ordered its desegregation in 1946, two years before President Truman mandated the desegregation of the entire U.S. military.

What was Goldwater's stance on the Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1960, and the 24th Amendment?

Goldwater supported the Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1960, as well as the 24th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which aimed to abolish poll taxes.

Which major civil rights legislation did Goldwater oppose, and what were his stated reasons?

Goldwater opposed the Civil Rights Act of 1964, specifically disagreeing with Titles II and VII, which dealt with employment and public accommodations, believing they interfered with private rights and could lead to government dictation of hiring practices.

How did Barry Goldwater mobilize conservative voters during his 1964 presidential campaign?

Goldwater mobilized a large conservative constituency, particularly those in the South and West, to win the Republican nomination, largely influenced by his book "The Conscience of a Conservative."

Who was Barry Goldwater's opponent in the 1964 presidential election, and what was the outcome?

Goldwater lost the 1964 presidential election to incumbent Democratic President Lyndon B. Johnson in a landslide.

What was the significance of Goldwater's vote against the Civil Rights Act of 1964 in his political career?

Goldwater's vote against the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a significant factor in his 1964 presidential campaign, hurting him with voters across the country, and he later referred to it as one of his greatest regrets.

What was the "Daisy" advertisement, and what impact did it have on the 1964 campaign?

The "Daisy" advertisement was a Democratic campaign commercial that implied Barry Goldwater's policies could lead to nuclear war. It is widely credited as the origin of modern negative political advertising on television.

How did Barry Goldwater's political views evolve later in his life, particularly concerning social issues?

Towards the end of his career, Goldwater's views on social and cultural issues became more libertarian; he supported environmental protection, gay rights, abortion rights, and the legalization of marijuana, which sometimes alienated social conservatives.

What was Goldwater's stance on the role of religious organizations in politics?

Goldwater expressed strong opposition to religious groups taking over the Republican Party, stating that politics and governing require compromise, a principle he felt these groups, acting in the name of God, were unwilling to uphold.

What was Goldwater's relationship with the NAACP and the National Urban League?

Goldwater was a lifetime member of the NAACP and helped found its Arizona chapter. He was also an early supporter of the National Urban League's Phoenix chapter, even covering its early deficits with personal funds.

What was Goldwater's view on the Eisenhower administration's policies?

Goldwater was critical of some of the Eisenhower administration's policies, considering them too liberal for a Republican president and believing Eisenhower compromised too much with Democrats.

What was Goldwater's perspective on the desegregation of schools following the Brown v. Board of Education decision?

While supporting the objective of desegregation, Goldwater believed states should determine their own methods and pace for integration, arguing that the federal government should not force states to desegregate public schools.

What was the "Goldwater-Nichols Act," and what was its purpose?

The Goldwater-Nichols Act, passed in 1986, reorganized the U.S. military's senior-command structure, strengthening civilian authority within the Department of Defense.

How did Barry Goldwater contribute to the development of American conservatism?

Goldwater is credited with shaping and redefining the American conservative movement, laying the groundwork for the conservative revolution that led to Ronald Reagan's presidency and significantly impacting the American libertarian movement.

What was Goldwater's involvement in the Watergate scandal?

Goldwater played a role in urging President Richard Nixon to resign in 1974 when evidence of a cover-up in the Watergate scandal became overwhelming and impeachment was imminent.

What was Goldwater's opinion of President Richard Nixon?

Goldwater reportedly disliked Richard Nixon on both political and personal levels, calling him "the most dishonest individual I have ever met in my life."

What was Goldwater's stance on the mining of Nicaraguan harbors by the CIA?

Goldwater strongly denounced the CIA's mining of Nicaraguan harbors without congressional permission, calling it an "act of war" and a violation of international law, and apologized to the Senate for his committee's lack of oversight.

What was Goldwater's view on the role of the federal government in environmental protection?

Goldwater supported government intervention to halt pollution at its source, even if it meant taking action against significant economic sectors, prioritizing a clean environment.

What was Barry Goldwater's hobby related to amateur radio?

Goldwater was an avid amateur radio operator, holding call signs like 6BPI, K3UIG, and K7UGA, and served as a spokesman for the hobby, appearing in promotional films for the American Radio Relay League.

What was Goldwater's interest in electronics beyond amateur radio?

Beyond amateur radio, Goldwater enjoyed assembling Heathkits, completing over 100 of them, and frequently visited the company's manufacturing site.

What is the significance of Barry Goldwater's collection of Kachina dolls?

Goldwater amassed a collection of 437 Kachina dolls, which he donated to the Heard Museum in Phoenix in 1969, and most of the dolls at the museum were from his collection.

What was Goldwater's passion for photography, and what cameras did he use?

Goldwater was an amateur photographer, keen on candid photography, and used cameras such as a 4x5 Graflex, Rolleiflex, 16mm Bell and Howell motion picture camera, and a 35mm Nikkormat FT.

What was Goldwater's interest in UFOs?

Goldwater expressed a long-standing interest in UFOs and made efforts to access classified Air Force information stored at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base related to the subject, which he was denied.

What was the outcome of the libel lawsuit Goldwater filed against Fact magazine?

Goldwater sued Fact magazine for libel after it published articles suggesting he was mentally unfit for the presidency. A jury awarded him $1 in compensatory damages and punitive damages of $25,000 against the publisher and $50,000 against the magazine.

What is the Barry M. Goldwater Scholarship, and what is its purpose?

Established by Congress in 1986, the Barry M. Goldwater Scholarship provides awards to college students intending to pursue careers in science, mathematics, and engineering, considered a prestigious undergraduate award in these fields.

What was Goldwater's relationship with his grandson, Ty Ross, and how did it influence his views?

Goldwater's grandson, Ty Ross, who is openly gay and HIV positive, is credited with inspiring the elder Goldwater to become an advocate for gay civil rights in his later years.

What was Goldwater's opinion on the Iran-Contra Affair?

Goldwater was critical of the Reagan administration's handling of the Iran arms sales, calling it "the god-damned stupidest foreign policy blunder this country's ever made," though he still considered Reagan a good president overall.

What was Goldwater's stance on the Panama Canal Treaty?

Despite his hawkish reputation on military issues, Goldwater was a key supporter of the ratification of the Panama Canal Treaty in the 1970s, which transferred control of the canal zone to Panama.

What was Goldwater's view on the "War on Poverty" and its underlying causes?

Goldwater was critical of President Johnson's "War on Poverty" policies, suggesting that the attitude or actions of the poor might contribute to their hardship and questioning the link between lack of education and poverty.

What was the impact of Goldwater's 1964 presidential campaign on the Republican Party's future?

While Goldwater lost the election, his campaign helped bring about the presidency of Ronald Reagan by mobilizing conservative voters and contributing to a long-term realignment in American politics, shifting the Republican Party's base.

What was Goldwater's view on the "Solid South" and its electoral trends?

Goldwater's strong performance in Southern states, which had historically been Democratic strongholds, foreshadowed a larger shift that would eventually make the South a Republican bastion, ending the "Solid South."

What was Goldwater's stance on the desegregation of the Senate cafeteria?

In his first year in the Senate, Goldwater insisted that his Black legislative assistant be served in the Senate cafeteria, leading to the desegregation of the facility.

What was Goldwater's view on the role of the federal government in ordering states to desegregate schools?

Goldwater believed that while states should integrate their schools, the federal government should not force this mandate, arguing that social and cultural change should not be driven by national power.

What was Goldwater's stance on the admission of the People's Republic of China to the United Nations?

Goldwater opposed the admission of the People's Republic of China to the UN and suggested that U.S. funding for the United Nations should cease, potentially leading to its relocation outside the United States.

What was the nature of Goldwater's relationship with President John F. Kennedy?

Despite their political differences, Goldwater and President John F. Kennedy had become close friends during their time serving together in the Senate, and they had planned to engage in Lincoln-Douglas style debates during the 1964 campaign.

What was Goldwater's reaction to the assassination of President Kennedy?

Goldwater was grief-stricken by the assassination of President Kennedy and was disappointed that his opponent in the 1964 election would be Lyndon B. Johnson instead of Kennedy.

What was Goldwater's view on the "rollback" of communism?

Goldwater's philosophy included a strong anti-communist stance, advocating for active measures to prevent the spread of communism and defend American allies.

What was Goldwater's stance on the Eisenhower administration's budget?

Goldwater criticized President Eisenhower's $71.8 billion budget, stating that it shocked him and weakened his faith in the administration's fiscal policies.

What was Goldwater's role in the creation of the United States Air Force Academy?

Goldwater was a leading proponent of creating the United States Air Force Academy and later served on its Board of Visitors; the visitor center there is named in his honor.

What was Goldwater's view on the "New Deal" legacy?

Goldwater rejected the legacy of the New Deal and, alongside the conservative coalition, fought against the New Deal coalition, challenging his party's moderate to liberal wing on policy issues.

What was Goldwater's stance on the Civil Rights Act of 1964, specifically Titles II and VII?

Goldwater voted against the Civil Rights Act of 1964, primarily disagreeing with Titles II and VII, which he felt interfered with private employment decisions and could lead to racial quotas.

What was Goldwater's view on the role of the federal government in social and cultural change?

Goldwater believed that social and cultural change, however desirable, should not be effected by the engines of national power, preferring that such issues be handled by the people directly concerned.

What was the impact of Goldwater's 1964 presidential campaign on other Republican politicians?

Goldwater's poor showing in 1964 led to the defeat of many Republican congressmen who had endorsed him, but it also created opportunities for younger conservatives to advance.

What was Goldwater's opinion on the "radical right" in the 1990s?

In his later years, Goldwater expressed concern that the "radical right," particularly religious groups, was attempting to take over the Republican Party and that their uncompromising nature was harmful to politics.

What was Goldwater's opinion on the "peace through strength" doctrine?

Goldwater's emphasis on militant anti-communism and active interventionism aligned with the "peace through strength" concept, though his rhetoric on nuclear war was seen as uncompromising by some.

What was Goldwater's stance on the role of government in regulating businesses that pollute?

Goldwater supported government intervention to halt pollution at its source, even if it meant taking action against significant economic sectors, prioritizing a clean environment.

What was Goldwater's view on the "New Deal" legacy?

Goldwater rejected the legacy of the New Deal and, alongside the conservative coalition, fought against the New Deal coalition, challenging his party's moderate to liberal wing on policy issues.

What was Goldwater's stance on the Eisenhower administration's budget?

Goldwater criticized President Eisenhower's $71.8 billion budget, stating that it shocked him and weakened his faith in the administration's fiscal policies.

Barry Goldwater Wiki: The Maverick of the Mountain West: Barry Goldwater's Political Odyssey

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Early Life and Education

Phoenix Roots

Born Barry Morris Goldwater in Phoenix, Arizona Territory, on January 2, 1909, he was the son of Baron M. Goldwater and Hattie Josephine Williams. His family established Goldwater's Department Store, a prominent retail business in Phoenix. Although his father was of Polish Jewish heritage, Goldwater was raised in his mother's Episcopal faith and remained an Episcopalian throughout his life.

Academic Path

After initial academic struggles in high school, Goldwater attended Staunton Military Academy in Virginia, where he excelled in athletics and leadership roles. He subsequently enrolled at the University of Arizona but left after one year. Notably, he remains the last major party presidential nominee to have not completed a college degree.

Family Heritage

Goldwater's paternal grandfather, Michel Goldwasser, emigrated from Poland in the mid-19th century, anglicizing his name and establishing the family's retail enterprise in Arizona. His maternal lineage traced back to New England, including ancestors like Roger Williams. He married Margaret Johnson in 1934, with whom he had four children, including Barry Goldwater Jr. He later married Susan Shaffer Wechsler in 1992.

Military Service

World War II Service

Upon the U.S. entry into World War II, Goldwater joined the Army Air Forces, serving as a pilot in the Ferry Command. His duties involved flying aircraft and supplies across global routes, including the critical link between the U.S. and India, often traversing hazardous territories.

Post-War Leadership

After the war, Goldwater was instrumental in the establishment of the U.S. Air Force Academy. He founded the Arizona Air National Guard in 1946, mandating its racial desegregation two years before President Truman's executive order. He retired from the Air Force Reserve in 1967 as a Major General, recognized as a Command Pilot.

Advocating Integration

Beyond his military service, Goldwater actively promoted racial integration within the armed forces. His efforts contributed to breaking down segregationist barriers, reflecting a commitment to equality that contrasted with some of his later political stances on federal civil rights legislation.

U.S. Senator from Arizona

Early Senate Career

Elected to the U.S. Senate in 1952, Goldwater represented Arizona for two terms (1953–1965) and again from 1969–1987. He emerged as a leading voice of the conservative movement, challenging the prevailing liberal consensus and advocating for limited government and a strong national defense.

Civil Rights Stance

Goldwater supported racial equality and integrated his family's business and the Arizona Air National Guard. He was a lifetime member of the NAACP and supported early civil rights legislation like the Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1960. However, he opposed the Civil Rights Act of 1964, particularly its provisions on employment, believing it overstepped federal authority. This stance drew criticism, with Martin Luther King Jr. noting Goldwater's philosophy aided racists, though the Urban League later honored him for his long-standing service.

Key Legislative Roles

During his tenure, Goldwater chaired the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence and the Senate Committee on Armed Services. He played a crucial role in the passage of the Goldwater–Nichols Act of 1986, which significantly reformed the U.S. military's command structure, enhancing civilian oversight.

Watergate and Nixon

In 1974, Goldwater was among the Republican leaders who urged President Richard Nixon to resign amid the Watergate scandal, demonstrating a commitment to constitutional principles over party loyalty.

1964 Presidential Campaign

Securing the Nomination

Goldwater mobilized a powerful conservative base to win the Republican presidential nomination in 1964. His victory marked a significant shift within the party, consolidating the influence of the conservative wing against the moderate and liberal factions.

Defining Speech

At the Republican National Convention, Goldwater delivered his famous acceptance speech, declaring, "Extremism in the defense of liberty is no vice! And moderation in the pursuit of justice is no virtue!" This statement encapsulated his unwavering conservative principles and resonated deeply with his supporters.

Campaign Against Johnson

The general election campaign against incumbent President Lyndon B. Johnson was marked by sharp contrasts. Johnson's campaign effectively portrayed Goldwater as an extremist, particularly highlighting his views on nuclear weapons and national security, famously using the "Daisy" advertisement to evoke fears of nuclear war.

Electoral Outcome

Despite galvanizing the conservative base, Goldwater lost the election to Johnson in a landslide. He carried only his home state of Arizona and five Deep South states, which largely voted Republican in protest against the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The campaign, however, laid the groundwork for future conservative political realignments.

Core Policies and Evolution

Fiscal Conservatism

A cornerstone of Goldwater's platform was fiscal conservatism, emphasizing reduced government spending, lower taxes, and balanced budgets. He consistently opposed large federal programs and advocated for free-market principles.

Anti-Communism and Defense

Goldwater was a staunch anti-communist, advocating for a robust military and assertive foreign policy to counter Soviet influence. His strong stance on national security shaped his approach to international relations throughout his career.

Shifting Views

In his later years, Goldwater's political philosophy evolved. He became a notable advocate for environmental protection, gay rights (including military service and adoption rights for same-sex couples), abortion rights, and the legalization of marijuana, demonstrating a pragmatic and increasingly libertarian outlook.

Enduring Legacy

Foundation for Conservatism

Many historians credit Goldwater with laying the intellectual and organizational foundation for the modern conservative movement and the eventual rise of Ronald Reagan. His 1964 campaign energized grassroots conservatives and began a long-term realignment of American politics.

Libertarian Influence

Goldwater's emphasis on individual liberty and limited government also significantly influenced the American libertarian movement. His willingness to challenge established norms and advocate for personal freedoms, even within a conservative framework, left a lasting mark.

Senate Statesman

By the end of his Senate career, Goldwater was widely respected across the political spectrum as a stabilizing force and a statesman. His dedication to his duties, particularly in defense and intelligence oversight, earned him considerable influence and respect.

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References

Edwards, Lee "In Barry Goldwater, The Conscience of a Conservative", The Miami Herald, www.miamiherald.com/article1973798.html Published July 2, 2014, Retrieved December 13, 2020

Jonathan Bean, Race and Liberty in America (Kentucky: The University Press of Kentucky, 2009), p. 226.

Charles S Bullock III, and Mark J. Rozell, The Oxford Handbook of Southern Politics (2012) p. 303

Aranha, Gerard V, "JFK and Goldwater", The Chicago Tribune www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1998-06-14-9806140015-story.html June 14, 1998, Retrieved December 13, 2020

Goldwater told the New York paper Newsday about the agreement in 1973, saying "We talked about it. We both thought it was a great idea," "Goldwater Tells Plan to Stump With Kennedy", Los Angeles Times, June 8, 1973, p. I-17

Goldwater 1980, p. 161: "When that assassin's bullet ended the life of John Fitzgerald Kennedy in Dallas on November 22, 1963, it was for me a great personal loss."

"Lodge Denounces Party Realigning; "Totally abhorrent", he says of Goldwater's proposal"", New York Times, November 16, 1964

James M. Naughton (November 6, 1974). "Senate and House Margins Are Substantially Enlarged". New York Times. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016.

Kolkey, Jonathan Martin. The New Right, 1960â1968: With Epilogue, 1969â1980. University Press of America. 1983. quote p. 254

Brennan, Mary C. Turning Right in the Sixties: The Conservative Capture of the GOP. University of North Carolina Press. 1995. ch. 6

Reinhard, David W. The Republican Right since 1945. University Press of Kentucky. 1983, p. 230.

Barry Goldwater, The Conscience of a Majority (1969) in Brian Allen Drake, "The Skeptical Environmentalist: Senator Barry Goldwater and the Environmental Management State", Environmental History, (2010) 15#4 pp. 587â611, [589]

Goldwater Defending Clinton; Conservatives Feeling Faint, The New York Times, Timothy Egan, March 24, 1994

A full list of references for this article are available at the Barry Goldwater Wikipedia page

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Barry Goldwater: Architect of Modern Conservatism

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

Early Life and Education 👶

📍 Phoenix Roots

🎓 Academic Path

👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 Family Heritage

Military Service ✈️

🎖️ World War II Service

⭐ Post-War Leadership

🤝 Advocating Integration

U.S. Senator from Arizona 🏛️

📜 Early Senate Career

⚖️ Civil Rights Stance

🔍 Key Legislative Roles

💧 Watergate and Nixon

1964 Presidential Campaign 🗳️

🏆 Securing the Nomination

🗣️ Defining Speech

💥 Campaign Against Johnson

📉 Electoral Outcome

Core Policies and Evolution 💡

💰 Fiscal Conservatism

🛡️ Anti-Communism and Defense

🕊️ Shifting Views

Enduring Legacy ⭐

🚀 Foundation for Conservatism

⚖️ Libertarian Influence

🏛️ Senate Statesman

Teacher's Corner 🧑‍🏫

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📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Early Life and Education

Phoenix Roots

Academic Path

Family Heritage

Military Service

World War II Service

Post-War Leadership

Advocating Integration

U.S. Senator from Arizona

Early Senate Career

Civil Rights Stance

Key Legislative Roles

Watergate and Nixon

1964 Presidential Campaign

Securing the Nomination

Defining Speech

Campaign Against Johnson

Electoral Outcome

Core Policies and Evolution

Fiscal Conservatism

Anti-Communism and Defense

Shifting Views

Enduring Legacy

Foundation for Conservatism

Libertarian Influence

Senate Statesman

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice