What is the Istiqlal Mosque and where is it located?

The Istiqlal Mosque, known in Indonesian as Masjid Istiqlal, is located in Jakarta, Indonesia. It holds the distinction of being the largest mosque in Southeast Asia and ranks as the ninth largest mosque globally in terms of worshipper capacity.

What is the symbolic meaning behind the name 'Istiqlal'?

The name 'Istiqlal' is derived from an Arabic word meaning 'independence.' The mosque was built to commemorate Indonesian independence, making its name a direct reflection of this significant national achievement.

When was the Istiqlal Mosque officially opened to the public?

The Istiqlal Mosque was opened to the public on February 22, 1978. This date marked the culmination of a long construction process aimed at creating a national symbol of faith and independence.

What other significant religious buildings are situated near the Istiqlal Mosque?

The Istiqlal Mosque is located adjacent to Merdeka Square in Jakarta, and notably, it stands near the Jakarta Cathedral, which is a Catholic church, and the Immanuel Church, a Reformed church. This proximity is intended to symbolize religious harmony and tolerance in Indonesia.

What was the historical site of the Istiqlal Mosque before its construction?

Prior to the construction of the Istiqlal Mosque, the site was occupied by Wilhelmina Park and a 19th-century fortification known as the Citadel Prins Frederik. The demolition of this citadel made way for the mosque.

Who initiated the idea for the Istiqlal Mosque and what was their role?

The concept of building a grand Indonesian national mosque was first raised by Wahid Hasyim, who served as Indonesia's first minister for religious affairs. He, along with Anwar Cokroaminoto, who chaired the Istiqlal Mosque Foundation, were key figures in initiating the project.

When was the committee for the mosque's construction established, and who was appointed as its technical supervisor?

The committee for the construction of the Istiqlal Mosque was founded in 1953. President Sukarno was appointed as the technical chief supervisor in 1954, playing a crucial role in overseeing the project.

Who was the architect of the Istiqlal Mosque, and how was this selection made?

The architect of the Istiqlal Mosque was Friedrich Silaban, who was selected as the winner of a design competition. Silaban was the son of a Lutheran pastor, highlighting a connection between the mosque's design and diverse religious backgrounds.

What were the considerations for the mosque's location, and how did they reflect Indonesian values?

While Mohammad Hatta suggested a location near residential areas, President Sukarno insisted on a site near Merdeka Palace and Merdeka Square. This decision aligned with Javanese tradition, placing the grand mosque near the center of power, and also symbolized religious harmony by situating it near the Jakarta Cathedral and Immanuel Church, reflecting the principles of Pancasila.

When was the foundation stone laid for the Istiqlal Mosque, and how long did construction last?

The foundation stone for the Istiqlal Mosque was laid by Sukarno on August 24, 1961. The construction process spanned a significant period, taking 17 years to complete.

Who inaugurated the Istiqlal Mosque, and when did this event occur?

President Suharto inaugurated the Istiqlal Mosque as the national mosque on February 22, 1978. This marked the official opening of the mosque after its extensive construction period.

What security incidents have affected the Istiqlal Mosque?

The Istiqlal Mosque has experienced two notable security incidents: a bomb explosion near the mimbar on April 14, 1978, which caused no casualties, and a second bomb attack in the basement on April 19, 1999, which damaged office windows.

When was the Istiqlal Mosque renovated, and what was the cost of this renovation?

The mosque underwent a major renovation between May 2019 and July 2020. This extensive refurbishment cost approximately US$35 million.

What key improvements were part of the 2019-2020 renovation of the Istiqlal Mosque?

The renovation included polishing and cleaning the marble exterior and stainless steel ornamentation, installing a new mihrab and mimbar, upgrading electrical and plumbing systems, implementing an LED lighting system, renovating VIP rooms, improving gardens and plazas, adding vendor kiosks, and constructing a two-story basement parking area.

What is the 'Tunnel of Friendship' and its connection to the Istiqlal Mosque?

The 'Tunnel of Friendship' (Terowongan Silaturahmi) is a tunnel constructed by Indonesian authorities connecting the Istiqlal Mosque with the St. Mary of the Assumption Cathedral. It was anticipated to be completed in April 2020.

What did Pope Francis observe about the Istiqlal Mosque during his 2024 visit?

During his visit to Indonesia in September 2024, Pope Francis described the Istiqlal Mosque in Jakarta as concrete proof of the presence of religious moderation in Indonesia.

What significant declaration was signed at the Istiqlal Mosque in 2024 involving Pope Francis?

In September 2024, Pope Francis, as the head of the Catholic Church, and Nasaruddin Umar, the Grand Imam of the Istiqlal Mosque, signed the 'Istiqlal Declaration.' This event was attended by interfaith figures from Indonesia.

How many entrances does the Istiqlal Mosque have, and what are they named after?

The Istiqlal Mosque features seven entrances, each named after one of the 99 Names of Allah (Al-Asmaul-Husna). The number seven is symbolically linked to the Seven Heavens in Islamic cosmology.

What is the symbolic meaning of the number 45 associated with the mosque's dome?

The central spherical dome has a diameter of 45 meters. The number 45 is significant as it symbolizes the year 1945, the year of the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence.

What adorns the main dome of the Istiqlal Mosque, and what does it represent?

The main dome is topped with a stainless steel ornamental pinnacle shaped like a crescent and star, which is a widely recognized symbol of Islam. This feature visually signifies the mosque's Islamic identity.

How many columns support the central dome, and what is the symbolic significance of this number?

The central dome is supported by twelve round columns. This number is often interpreted to represent the birthday of the Prophet Muhammad, which is traditionally celebrated in the 12th month of Rabi' al-awwal.

What is the symbolic meaning of the five floors in the main prayer hall building?

The main prayer hall building, including the main floor and four balcony levels, totals five floors. This number symbolizes the Five Pillars of Islam, which are the core practices of the faith, and also represents Pancasila, the foundational philosophical theory of Indonesia.

What is inscribed on the main wall on the qibla side of the interior?

On the main wall facing the qibla (the direction of prayer), there is a mihrab and a minbar. The wall also features large metalwork with Arabic calligraphy, spelling the name of Allah on the right, Muhammad on the left, and the 14th verse of Surah Thaha in the center.

What material was intended for the interior marbles, and why was a change made?

Initially, white marbles from Italy were planned for the interior. However, to reduce costs and support the local industry, the decision was made to use marbles from the Tulungagung quarries in East Java instead.

How many minarets does the Istiqlal Mosque have, and what is the symbolism behind this number?

The Istiqlal Mosque has a single minaret. Unlike many mosques that feature multiple minarets, this single structure symbolizes the divine oneness of God (Tawhid).

What is the total height of the minaret, and what does the pinnacle symbolize?

The minaret stands 96.66 meters tall. The 30-meter-high stainless steel pinnacle atop the minaret symbolizes the 30 juz' (sections) of the Quran.

What is a 'bedug', and where is it located in relation to the mosque?

A 'bedug' is a large wooden drum made from cowhide, traditionally used in Indonesia for the call to prayer (adhan). In the Istiqlal Mosque, a large bedug is situated on the southern side, near the minaret.

What is the total worshipper capacity of the Istiqlal Mosque?

The Istiqlal Mosque can accommodate approximately 200,001 worshippers.

How is the total capacity of the Istiqlal Mosque distributed across its areas?

The capacity is distributed as follows: 61,000 people in the main prayer hall, balcony, and wing; 8,000 people in the preliminary building; 50,000 people on the open terrace of the second floor; and an additional 81,000 people in all corridors and other spaces.

How does the Istiqlal Mosque demonstrate religious tolerance in its facilities?

The mosque demonstrates religious tolerance by providing parking space for worshippers attending Christian celebrations, such as Christmas, at the nearby Jakarta Cathedral.

What sound and multimedia systems are in place within the Istiqlal Mosque?

The mosque utilizes a centrally controlled sound system with 200 speakers on the main floor and 158 speakers in corridors and other areas, managed by 26 amplifiers and five mixers. Plasma TVs are also installed on the main floor to ensure pilgrims can follow the preacher's message.

What are the notable features of the garden surrounding the Istiqlal Mosque?

The garden contains decorative plants and trees, some potentially centuries old. It also includes a large pool with a grand fountain that can spout water up to 45 meters high, which operates primarily on Fridays and Islamic holidays. The Ciliwung river flows through the complex.

What environmental initiatives have been implemented at the Istiqlal Mosque?

Efforts to make the mosque environmentally friendly include the installation of solar panels, the use of slow-flow faucets, and the implementation of a water recycling system.

What is the leadership structure of the Istiqlal Mosque?

The mosque's leadership includes one Grand Imam, one Deputy Grand Imam, seven imams, and a Chairman. As of 2016, Nasaruddin Umar served as the Grand Imam, and Asep Saefuddin was the Chairman.

How did the visit of Barack Obama impact tourism to the Istiqlal Mosque?

Following the visit of U.S. President Barack Obama and his wife Michelle Obama in November 2010, the mosque saw an increase in visitors, with approximately 20 tourists per day coming to tour the site.

Can you name some of the prominent foreign dignitaries who have visited the Istiqlal Mosque?

Notable visitors include former U.S. presidents Bill Clinton and Barack Obama, Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, King Charles III of the United Kingdom, former Chinese Vice President Li Yuanchao, Chilean President Sebastián Piñera, Austrian President Heinz Fischer, Norwegian Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg, and German Chancellor Angela Merkel.

How does the Istiqlal Mosque promote interfaith dialogue and understanding?

As a major center for Islamic worship, the mosque actively hosts discussions, seminars, and cultural events aimed at fostering better understanding among different faiths and communities in Indonesia. It positions itself as a symbol of tolerance and national unity.

What unique language education initiative has the Istiqlal Mosque offered?

The mosque has offered Hebrew language courses as part of its commitment to interfaith dialogue and cultural exchange. These courses aim to promote mutual respect and a deeper understanding of Jewish culture and religious texts.

Who is identified as a key figure in teaching Hebrew at the Istiqlal Mosque, and what is his goal?

Sapri Sale, a Muslim scholar and language instructor, is highlighted as a prominent figure in teaching Hebrew in Indonesia. His work aims to make Hebrew accessible to Indonesian students, viewing language as a bridge between faith communities.

What architectural styles are associated with the Istiqlal Mosque?

The Istiqlal Mosque's design incorporates elements of New Formalism and the International Style of architecture.

What is the symbolic meaning of the number of floors in the mosque's interior?

The five floors of the main prayer hall building symbolize the Five Pillars of Islam and also represent Pancasila, the philosophical foundation of Indonesia.

What is the significance of the number 8 in relation to the mosque's interior design?

The number 8 is significant because it symbolizes August, the month in which Indonesia declared its independence.

What is the symbolic meaning of the single minaret at the Istiqlal Mosque?

The single minaret is intended to symbolize the absolute oneness of God, a core tenet of Islam.

What is the symbolic meaning of the 30-meter-high stainless steel pinnacle on the minaret?

The pinnacle symbolizes the 30 juz' (sections) of the Quran, representing the entirety of the holy book.

What is the purpose of the plasma TV system installed in the mosque?

The plasma TV system is installed to ensure that pilgrims throughout the main prayer hall can evenly follow information and the preacher's message, even if they cannot see the preacher directly.

What is the significance of the fountain operating only on specific occasions?

The grand fountain, which spouts water up to 45 meters high, operates only on Fridays during congregational prayers and on Islamic holidays like Eid ul-Fitr and Eid ul-Adha. This limited operation highlights its ceremonial importance.

What is the significance of the mosque being recognized as the world's first green building?

The recognition as the world's first green building highlights the mosque's commitment to environmental sustainability through initiatives like solar panels and water recycling, aligning religious values with ecological responsibility.

What is the meaning of 'Al-Asmaul-Husna' in the context of the mosque's entrances?

'Al-Asmaul-Husna' translates to 'the beautiful names of God' in Islam. The seven entrances of the Istiqlal Mosque are named after these divine attributes.

What is the significance of the number seven for the mosque's entrances?

The seven entrances are symbolically linked to the concept of the Seven Heavens within Islamic cosmology.

Istiqlal Mosque Jakarta Wiki: Istiqlal Mosque: Jakarta's Beacon of Faith and Independence

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

When you are ready...
🎮 Play the Wiki2Web Clarity Challenge Game🎮

Introduction

Southeast Asia's Largest

The Istiqlal Mosque, located in Jakarta, Indonesia, stands as the largest mosque in Southeast Asia and ranks among the ninth largest globally by worshipper capacity. Its name, "Istiqlal," is derived from Arabic, signifying "Independence," reflecting its profound connection to Indonesia's national identity.

Symbol of Harmony

Strategically positioned adjacent to Merdeka Square, the Jakarta Cathedral, and Immanuel Church, Istiqlal Mosque serves as a powerful symbol of religious tolerance and harmony, embodying the principles of Pancasila, Indonesia's foundational philosophy.

Inauguration and Legacy

Officially opened on February 22, 1978, after a 17-year construction period, the mosque was inaugurated by President Suharto. It has since become a central hub for religious, cultural, and social activities, representing a significant landmark in Indonesian Islamic heritage.

Historical Context

Conception of a National Mosque

The vision for a grand national mosque emerged following the proclamation of Indonesian independence in 1945. Key figures like Wahid Hasyim, Indonesia's first minister for religious affairs, and Anwar Cokroaminoto championed the idea. President Sukarno embraced the project, providing crucial support and oversight.

Design Competition and Architect

A national design competition was held, with the esteemed architect Friedrich Silaban, son of a Lutheran pastor, emerging as the winner. Silaban's design was selected to create a mosque that would be both architecturally significant and symbolically resonant with the nation's aspirations.

Site Selection and Transformation

The chosen site was formerly Wilhelmina Park, which included the 19th-century Citadel Prins Frederik. Sukarno's insistence on locating the mosque near Merdeka Palace, aligning with Javanese tradition, led to the demolition of the citadel to accommodate the new structure, symbolizing a new era for the nation.

Architectural Design

Style and Influences

Friedrich Silaban's design for Istiqlal Mosque is characterized by its blend of New Formalism and International Style architecture. This approach resulted in a structure that is both monumental and modern, emphasizing clean lines and grand scale.

Symbolic Numerology

The mosque's design incorporates significant numerical symbolism. The central dome's diameter of 45 meters represents the year of Indonesia's independence (1945). The 12 supporting columns allude to the Prophet Muhammad's birthday, and the 5 levels of the main prayer hall symbolize the Five Pillars of Islam and Pancasila.

Materials and Aesthetics

Constructed primarily from steel and concrete, the mosque features extensive use of marble tiles for floors and walls, complemented by ceramic tiles and stainless steel for ornamentation. The interior design is minimalist, emphasizing spaciousness and spiritual reflection.

Construction Journey

A Seventeen-Year Endeavor

The foundation stone was laid by President Sukarno on August 24, 1961. The ambitious construction project spanned 17 years, culminating in its inauguration as the national mosque by President Suharto on February 22, 1978. The total construction cost was approximately Rp 7 billion (US$12 million).

Modernization and Renovation

Between May 2019 and July 2020, the mosque underwent a significant renovation costing US$35 million. These upgrades included polishing the marble exterior, enhancing the mihrab and mimbar, modernizing electrical and plumbing systems, and improving the surrounding gardens and parking facilities.

Structural Elements

Seven Gates of Divine Names

The mosque features seven main entrances, each named after one of the 99 Names of Allah (Al-Asmaul-Husna), symbolizing the Seven Heavens in Islamic cosmology. These gates provide access to the ablution areas and the main prayer hall.

The Minaret and Dome

A singular, slender minaret, 96.66 meters tall, stands as a testament to divine oneness. It is crowned with a 30-meter stainless steel pinnacle. The grand central dome, 45 meters in diameter, is adorned with a crescent and star, symbolizing Islam.

Interior Grandeur

The interior is characterized by its minimalist aesthetic, featuring 12 columns supporting the main dome. Arabic calligraphy adorns the walls, spelling the names of Allah and Muhammad. The mihrab and minbar are centrally positioned, creating a focal point for prayer.

Amenities and Grounds

Gardens and Water Features

The mosque complex includes expansive gardens, a large pool, and a grand fountain capable of reaching 45 meters high. These features operate during congregational prayers and Islamic holidays, enhancing the serene atmosphere of the grounds.

Sound and Multimedia Systems

State-of-the-art sound systems with 200 channels and plasma televisions are installed throughout the main hall and corridors. These systems ensure clear communication and accessibility for all worshippers, facilitating a seamless experience during services and events.

Infrastructure

The mosque complex includes extensive parking facilities, a two-storied basement parking space, and kiosks for vendors. The river Ciliwung flows along the eastern side of the complex, adding to the natural landscape.

Leadership Structure

Key Religious Figures

The mosque is guided by a Grand Imam, currently Nasaruddin Umar, and a Deputy Grand Imam. Seven additional imams lead daily prayers and religious activities, ensuring the spiritual guidance and smooth operation of the mosque's religious functions.

Administrative Oversight

The management of Istiqlal Mosque is overseen by the Istiqlal Mosque Management Executive Board (BPPMI). Asep Saefuddin serves as the current Chairman, responsible for the administrative and operational aspects of this significant national institution.

Distinguished Visitors

International Dignitaries

Istiqlal Mosque has hosted numerous global leaders, including U.S. Presidents Barack Obama and Bill Clinton, Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, King Salman of Saudi Arabia, and German Chancellor Angela Merkel, underscoring its international prominence.

Impact of Visits

The visit of President Barack Obama in November 2010 significantly boosted tourism to the mosque, attracting approximately 20 visitors daily for tours, highlighting its role as a cultural and religious landmark drawing global attention.

Interfaith Dialogue

Promoting Tolerance

As a major religious center, Istiqlal Mosque actively promotes religious moderation and intercultural dialogue. It hosts seminars and events designed to foster understanding among diverse faith communities within Indonesia, reflecting its commitment to national unity.

Bridging Cultures

The mosque's initiatives extend to cultural exchange, including offering Hebrew language courses. These efforts, led by scholars like Sapri Sale, aim to build bridges between different cultures and religious traditions, reinforcing Istiqlal's role as a center for dialogue across civilizations.

Tunnel of Friendship

A unique feature is the "Terowongan Silaturahmi" (Tunnel of Friendship), a tunnel connecting Istiqlal Mosque with the Jakarta Cathedral. This physical link symbolizes the peaceful coexistence and mutual respect between the two major religious institutions.

Environmental Initiatives

Commitment to Sustainability

Under the leadership of Grand Imam Nasaruddin Umar, Istiqlal Mosque has implemented significant environmental initiatives. These include the installation of solar panels, the use of low-flow faucets, and a water recycling system.

World's First Green Mosque

These sustainability efforts have earned Istiqlal Mosque recognition as the world's first green-certified place of worship, receiving the EDGE (Excellence in Design for Greater Efficiencies) certification from the International Finance Corporation (IFC), a World Bank subsidiary.

Teacher's Corner

Edit and Print this course in the Wiki2Web Teacher Studio

Edit and Print Materials from this study in the wiki2web studio

Click here to open the "Istiqlal Mosque Jakarta" Wiki2Web Studio curriculum kit

Use the free Wiki2web Studio to generate printable flashcards, worksheets, exams, and export your materials as a web page or an interactive game.

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Are you ready for the Wiki2Web Clarity Challenge?

Learn about istiqlal_mosque_jakarta while playing the wiki2web Clarity Challenge game.

Unlock the mystery image and prove your knowledge by earning trophies. This simple game is addictively fun and is a great way to learn!

Play now

Explore More Topics

Discover other topics to study!

indian independence act 1947

individualism

hickory

princess maria beatrice of savoy

romanian phonology

phoney war

References

The date of Muhammad's birth is a matter of contention since the exact date is unknown and is not definitively recorded in the Islamic traditions. See Mawlid#Date for details.

The total number of verses in the Quran is actually 6,236; however, the number varies if the bismillahs are counted separately.

A full list of references for this article are available at the Istiqlal Mosque, Jakarta Wikipedia page

Feedback & Support

To report an issue with this page, or to find out ways to support the mission, please click here.

Disclaimer

Important Notice

This page was generated by an Artificial Intelligence and is intended for informational and educational purposes only. The content is based on publicly available data and may not be entirely accurate, complete, or up-to-date.

This is not professional advice. The information provided on this website is not a substitute for professional architectural, cultural, or religious consultation. Always refer to official sources and consult with qualified professionals for specific needs.

The creators of this page are not responsible for any errors or omissions, or for any actions taken based on the information provided herein.

Istiqlal Mosque

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

Introduction ℹ️

🕌 Southeast Asia's Largest

🤝 Symbol of Harmony

🗓️ Inauguration and Legacy

Historical Context 📜

💡 Conception of a National Mosque

🏆 Design Competition and Architect

🏞️ Site Selection and Transformation

Architectural Design 🏗️

📐 Style and Influences

🌟 Symbolic Numerology

💎 Materials and Aesthetics

Construction Journey ⚙️

⏳ A Seventeen-Year Endeavor

🏛️ Modernization and Renovation

Structural Elements 🏛️

🚪 Seven Gates of Divine Names

⬆️ The Minaret and Dome

✨ Interior Grandeur

Amenities and Grounds 🌳

⛲ Gardens and Water Features

🔊 Sound and Multimedia Systems

🚗 Infrastructure

Leadership Structure 🧑‍💼

👨‍🏫 Key Religious Figures

🏢 Administrative Oversight

Distinguished Visitors 👥

🇺🇸 International Dignitaries

📈 Impact of Visits

Interfaith Dialogue 🤝

💬 Promoting Tolerance

🌍 Bridging Cultures

🔗 Tunnel of Friendship

Environmental Initiatives ♻️

🌿 Commitment to Sustainability

🏆 World's First Green Mosque

Teacher's Corner 🧑‍🏫

Edit and Print this course in the Wiki2Web Teacher Studio

True or False? 🤔

❓ Test Your Knowledge! ❓

Gamer's Corner 🎮

Are you ready for the Wiki2Web Clarity Challenge?

Explore More Topics

📜 Discover other topics to study!

References

📜 References

Feedback & Support 👍

To report an issue with this page, or to find out ways to support the mission, please click here.

Disclaimer ⚠️

📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Introduction

Southeast Asia's Largest

Symbol of Harmony

Inauguration and Legacy

Historical Context

Conception of a National Mosque

Design Competition and Architect

Site Selection and Transformation

Architectural Design

Style and Influences

Symbolic Numerology

Materials and Aesthetics

Construction Journey

A Seventeen-Year Endeavor

Modernization and Renovation

Structural Elements

Seven Gates of Divine Names

The Minaret and Dome

Interior Grandeur

Amenities and Grounds

Gardens and Water Features

Sound and Multimedia Systems

Infrastructure

Leadership Structure

Key Religious Figures

Administrative Oversight

Distinguished Visitors

International Dignitaries

Impact of Visits

Interfaith Dialogue

Promoting Tolerance

Bridging Cultures

Tunnel of Friendship

Environmental Initiatives

Commitment to Sustainability

World's First Green Mosque

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice