What was the Jagiellonian dynasty, and which major European countries did it rule?

The Jagiellonian dynasty was a cadet branch of the Lithuanian Gediminids ducal dynasty. It rose to prominence when Jogaila, Grand Duke of Lithuania, converted to Christianity and married Queen Hedwig of Poland in 1386, becoming King Ladislaus II Jagiełło. The dynasty subsequently ruled as Kings of Poland (1386–1572), Grand Dukes of Lithuania (1377–1392 and 1440–1572), Kings of Hungary (1440–1444 and 1490–1526), and Kings of Bohemia (1471–1526).

What is the origin and meaning of the name 'Jogaila'?

The name 'Jagiellonian' originates from Jogaila, the first Grand Duke of Lithuania to become King of Poland. Etymologically, the Lithuanian name 'Jogaila' means 'strong rider,' derived from the Lithuanian words 'joti' (to ride) and 'gailus' (strong, powerful).

What historical event marked the beginning of the Jagiellonian dynasty's rule in Poland?

The Jagiellonian dynasty's rule in Poland began with the Union of Krewo in 1385. This agreement led to Jogaila's baptism as Ladislaus and his marriage to Queen Hedwig of Poland, securing his ascension to the Polish throne as Ladislaus II Jagiełło.

What was the significance of the Union of Krewo for Poland and Lithuania?

The Union of Krewo established a personal union between the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. This union strengthened both nations against common threats like the Teutonic Knights and the Grand Duchy of Moscow, and uniquely connected states situated between the Western (Latin) and Eastern (Byzantine) civilizational spheres.

What was the outcome of the Great War of 1409-1411 involving Poland, Lithuania, and the Teutonic Knights?

The Great War of 1409-1411, which included the Battle of Grunwald, resulted in a decisive victory for the Polish and Lithuanian armies against the Teutonic Knights. However, the subsequent failure to capture the Teutonic Order's capital at Malbork led to modest territorial gains in the Peace of Thorn (1411), with long-term historical consequences for Poland.

How did the Jagiellonian dynasty gain control over the Kingdoms of Bohemia and Hungary?

The Jagiellonian dynasty gained control over Bohemia and Hungary through dynastic succession. Vladislaus II, son of Casimir IV Jagiellon, was crowned King of Bohemia in 1471 and King of Hungary in 1490, uniting these crowns under Jagiellonian rule.

Who was Casimir IV Jagiellon, and what were some key events during his reign?

Casimir IV Jagiellon was the third son of Ladislaus II Jagiełło and Sophia of Halshany. He became Grand Duke of Lithuania in 1440 and King of Poland in 1447. His reign saw the Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466) against the Teutonic Order, resulting in Poland regaining access to the Baltic Sea, and the Jagiellonians' influence expanding into Central Europe with his son becoming King of Bohemia and Hungary.

What was the significance of the Second Peace of Thorn in 1466?

The Second Peace of Thorn in 1466 concluded the Thirteen Years' War. It led to the Teutonic Order recognizing Polish sovereignty over Royal Prussia, including Pomerelia and Warmia, thereby restoring Poland's crucial access to the Baltic Sea.

What challenges did the Jagiellonian rulers face regarding succession?

The Jagiellonian dynasty did not have automatic hereditary succession; each new king had to be approved by the nobility. This requirement, coupled with the late-life births of sons to some rulers like Ladislaus II Jagiełło, led to complex succession arrangements and negotiations with the nobility.

What period is known as the 'Polish Golden Age', and which Jagiellonian kings are associated with it?

The 'Polish Golden Age,' characterized by the rise of Polish Renaissance culture, is most often identified with the reigns of Sigismund I the Old and Sigismund II Augustus, the last two Jagiellonian kings, generally encompassing the 16th century.

How did the marriage of Sigismund I to Bona Sforza influence Poland?

The marriage of Sigismund I to Bona Sforza, an Italian princess, helped accelerate the assimilation of Renaissance culture in Poland. Many Italian artists and thinkers were invited to Poland, and Poles traveled to Italy to study, fostering a period of significant cultural development.

What was the 'Chicken War' of 1537?

The 'Chicken War' was a derisive name given to an anti-royalist rebellion by the Polish nobility in 1537. The magnates coined the term, suggesting the nobles gathered for the rebellion consumed all the local chickens. The nobility presented 36 demands to the king, including halting Queen Bona's land acquisitions and confirming noble privileges.

What was the significance of Sigismund II Augustus's marriage to Barbara Radziwiłł?

Sigismund II Augustus's secret marriage to Barbara Radziwiłł, a Lithuanian noblewoman, caused significant opposition from his mother and the Polish magnates. The struggle to have her recognized as Queen highlighted the tensions between the monarch and the nobility, and ultimately contributed to the eventual Union of Lublin.

What major political achievement is attributed to Sigismund II Augustus?

Despite his childlessness, Sigismund II Augustus is credited with facilitating the Union of Lublin in 1569. This landmark agreement formally united the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, establishing equal rights between the two nations.

What was the outcome of the Battle of Mohács in 1526 for Hungary and the Jagiellonian dynasty?

The Battle of Mohács in 1526 was a catastrophic defeat for Hungary against the Ottoman Empire. The young King Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia, son of Vladislaus II, was killed in the battle, leading to the extinction of the male line of the Jagiellonian dynasty in Hungary and the subsequent partition of the kingdom.

Who were the Jagiellonian Grand Dukes of Lithuania after Vytautas the Great?

Following the deaths of Vytautas the Great and Sigismund Kęstutaitis, the Jagiellonians, as the most powerful branch of the Lithuanian Gediminids, became the primary inheritors of the title of Grand Duke of Lithuania. Key Jagiellonian Grand Dukes included Jogaila (Ladislaus II), Casimir IV Jagiellon, Alexander Jagiellon, Sigismund I the Old, and Sigismund II Augustus.

Which Jagiellonian rulers are listed as Kings of Poland, and what were their reign periods?

The Jagiellonian Kings of Poland were: Ladislaus II Jagiełło (1386–1434), Ladislaus III of Varna (1434–1444), Casimir IV Jagiellon (1447–1492), John I Albert (1492–1501), Alexander I (1501–1506), Sigismund I the Old (1507–1548), and Sigismund II Augustus (1529–1572).

Which Jagiellonian rulers are listed as Kings of Bohemia and Hungary?

The Jagiellonian Kings of Bohemia and Hungary were Vladislaus II (King of Bohemia 1471–1516, King of Hungary 1490–1516) and his son Louis II (King of Bohemia and Hungary 1516–1526).

Who was Saint Casimir, and what is his significance?

Saint Casimir was the son of Casimir IV Jagiellon and Elizabeth of Austria. He lived from 1458 to 1484 and is venerated as a saint of the Roman Catholic Church. He is also recognized as the patron saint of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Who was Anna Jagiellon, and what role did she play after Sigismund II Augustus?

Anna Jagiellon was a daughter of Sigismund I the Old. After the death of her brother Sigismund II Augustus, who had no children, she became Queen regnant of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania from 1575 to 1586, ruling as the "female King".

Did any Jagiellonian rulers have illegitimate children?

Yes, the text mentions that Louis II of Hungary may have had an illegitimate son named John. Sigismund I the Old had three illegitimate children (John, Regina, and Catherine) by Katarzyna Telniczanka, and Sigismund II Augustus had one acknowledged illegitimate child, Barbara, by Barbara Giżanka.

What is the Jagiellonian University, and where is it located?

The Jagiellonian University is a prominent educational institution named after the Jagiellonian dynasty. It is located in Kraków, Poland, and is one of the oldest universities in Central Europe.

What is the Globus Jagellonicus?

The Globus Jagellonicus is a historical artifact considered by some to be the oldest existing globe that depicts the Americas. It is named in honor of the Jagiellonian dynasty.

What was the nature of the relationship between the Jagiellonians and the Habsburgs?

The Jagiellonians and the Habsburgs had a complex relationship involving dynastic marriages and rivalries. A succession arrangement was made between Emperor Maximilian I and the Jagiellon brothers in 1515, but relations later worsened. The Habsburgs ultimately benefited from the decline of the later Jagiellonian monarchies, particularly after the Ottoman expansion weakened Hungary.

What was the primary reason for the decline in the Jagiellonian dynasty's power in Poland during the later period?

The text suggests that the political influence of the Jagiellonian kings diminished during a period marked by the increasing role of the landed nobility in central government and national affairs. This trend was exacerbated by factors such as the nobility's demands and the kings' efforts to strengthen monarchical power.

How did the Jagiellonian dynasty's rule contribute to the cultural development of Poland?

The reigns of Sigismund I and Sigismund II Augustus, the last Jagiellonian kings, are considered the 'Polish Golden Age.' This era saw a significant rise in Polish Renaissance culture, fueled by prosperity, Italian influences, and the patronage of the royal courts, leading to advancements in arts, sciences, and education.

What was the outcome of Sigismund II Augustus's marriage to his first wife, Elizabeth of Austria?

Sigismund II Augustus married Elizabeth of Austria, daughter of Ferdinand I Habsburg, as his first wife. However, the marriage was unhappy and childless, contributing to some tensions in the relationship between Poland and the Habsburg family.

What was the primary goal of the dynastic succession arrangement agreed upon in Vienna in 1515?

The dynastic succession arrangement agreed upon in Vienna in 1515 between Emperor Maximilian I and the Jagiellon brothers (Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary, and Sigismund I of Poland) was intended to end the Emperor's support for Poland's enemies, namely the Teutonic and Russian states.

Who was Vladislaus II of Hungary, and what was his nickname?

Vladislaus II was the son of Casimir IV Jagiellon and Elizabeth of Austria. He became King of Bohemia in 1471 and King of Hungary in 1490. After the death of his third wife, he fell into a severe depression and was often unresponsive to requests, earning him the nickname 'Vladislaus Bene' (meaning 'Vladislaus Well').

What was the political situation in Hungary following the death of Matthias Corvinus in 1490?

Following Matthias Corvinus's death without a legitimate heir, Hungary experienced great chaos. The Hungarian nobility did not recognize his illegitimate son, John Corvinus, and instead called Vladislaus II to the throne, leading to his coronation as King of Hungary in 1490.

What was the impact of Queen Bona Sforza's actions on the Polish nobility?

Queen Bona Sforza, wife of Sigismund I, actively sought to strengthen the monarchy and advance her dynastic interests. Her measures, such as the forced royal election of her son Sigismund Augustus and his coronation, increased discontent among the Polish nobility, contributing to events like the 'Chicken War'.

What was the significance of Sigismund II Augustus moving his royal court from Kraków to Vilnius?

Sigismund II Augustus moved his royal court from Kraków to Vilnius in 1544, independently ruling the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. This move had a significant influence on the intellectual life of the region and underscored the distinct identity and importance of Lithuania within the union.

How did the Jagiellonian dynasty's male line end?

The male line of the Jagiellonian dynasty ended with the death of Sigismund II Augustus in 1572, as he had no surviving children from any of his three wives.

What legacy items are named after the Jagiellonian dynasty?

Several entities and items are named after the Jagiellonian dynasty, including the Jagiellonian University and Jagiellonian Library in Kraków, the Globus Jagellonicus (an early globe), the Jagiellonian tapestries, and the football club Jagiellonia Białystok.

What was the historical context of the Jagiellonian dynasty's rule in relation to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania?

The Jagiellonian dynasty originated from the Lithuanian Gediminids. Jogaila, the first Jagiellonian ruler, was initially the Grand Duke of Lithuania before becoming King of Poland. The dynasty maintained a significant connection to Lithuania, with members ruling as Grand Dukes concurrently with their Polish or Hungarian crowns, and their rule was instrumental in the formation of the Polish-Lithuanian union.

What role did the Jagiellonian dynasty play in the cultural flourishing of Poland during the 16th century?

The Jagiellonian era, particularly the reigns of Sigismund I and Sigismund II Augustus, is known as the Polish Golden Age. This period saw the rise of the Polish Renaissance, with cultural advancements supported by royal patronage, the influx of Italian artistic and intellectual influences, and the development of universities and libraries.

What territorial gains did Poland make as a result of the Second Peace of Thorn (1466)?

Following the Second Peace of Thorn in 1466, Poland regained Pomerelia, which provided access to the Baltic Sea, and Warmia. The Teutonic Order also recognized Polish sovereignty over the western Prussian regions, known as Royal Prussia, and acknowledged the Polish crown's overlordship over the remaining territory of the Teutonic Monastic State.

What was the nature of the Polish-Lithuanian union under the Jagiellonians?

The Polish-Lithuanian union began as a personal union initiated by the Union of Krewo in 1385. While initially intended to create a common state, it evolved over time, facing territorial disputes and political realignments. The union was formally converted into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth with equal rights for both nations through the Treaty of Lublin in 1569, a process significantly influenced by Sigismund II Augustus.

Who was Isabella Jagiellon, and what conflict was she involved in?

Isabella Jagiellon was the sister of Sigismund II Augustus and daughter of Sigismund I. She served as regent of the Kingdom of Hungary for her son, John Sigismund Zápolya. She was in diplomatic and military conflict with Ferdinand Habsburg, as both laid claim to the Hungarian throne.

What was the outcome of the dynastic succession arrangement agreed upon in Vienna in 1515 between the Habsburgs and the Jagiellons?

The 1515 Vienna agreement aimed to foster closer ties between the Habsburgs and the Jagiellons, primarily through marriage alliances and a dynastic succession pact. It was intended to end Habsburg support for Poland's enemies, but relations later deteriorated, particularly after Charles V became Holy Roman Emperor.

What was the role of the Jagiellonian dynasty in the development of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth?

The Jagiellonian dynasty played a foundational role in the development of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Their rule facilitated the initial union between Poland and Lithuania, and the eventual formalization of this union through the Treaty of Lublin in 1569, under Sigismund II Augustus, created a powerful dual state in Central Europe.

What were the main challenges faced by Louis II of Hungary that led to the fall of Hungary?

Louis II of Hungary faced the growing threat of the Ottoman Empire under Suleiman the Magnificent. His refusal to pay annual tribute and execution of the Ottoman ambassador hastened the declaration of war. Furthermore, Hungary's inability to secure timely assistance from other Christian states and Louis II's tactical errors at the Battle of Mohács contributed significantly to the kingdom's downfall.

What was the significance of the Jagiellonian dynasty's patronage of the arts and sciences?

The Jagiellonian dynasty, particularly during the Polish Golden Age under Sigismund I and Sigismund II Augustus, actively patronized the arts and sciences. This patronage fostered the flourishing of the Polish Renaissance, supporting institutions like the Jagiellonian University and attracting Italian artists and scholars, which significantly enriched Polish culture.

How did the Jagiellonian dynasty's rule influence the relationship between Poland and Lithuania?

The Jagiellonian dynasty's rule was central to the evolving relationship between Poland and Lithuania. Starting with the personal union under Jogaila, the dynasty's rule fostered closer ties, culminating in the formal Union of Lublin in 1569, which created the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, a state where both nations shared equal rights and governance.

What was the outcome of the Habsburg-Jagiellon rivalry in Central Europe?

The rivalry between the Jagiellons and the Habsburgs in Central Europe ultimately favored the Habsburgs. Factors such as the Ottoman expansion and the subsequent weakening of Hungary, which led to its partition between the Habsburgs and Ottomans, played a crucial role in this outcome.

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The Jagiellonian Dynasty

Name and Etymology

The dynasty derives its name from Jogaila (Jagiełło), the first Grand Duke of Lithuania to become King of Poland. The name "Jogaila" itself signifies "strong rider" in Lithuanian, reflecting a heritage of leadership and mobility.

The name "Jogaila" is derived from the Lithuanian words joti (to ride) and gailus (strong, powerful). The dynasty's name in various languages includes Polish Jagiellonowie, Lithuanian Jogailaičiai, and Latin Iagellonidae.

Geographical Reach

Between the 14th and 16th centuries, the Jagiellonians reigned across a vast expanse of Central and Eastern Europe. Their influence extended from the Baltic Sea to the Adriatic and Black Seas, encompassing major kingdoms and duchies.

Key realms included:

Kingdom of Poland
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Bohemia
Duchies of Silesia, Ruthenia, Luxembourg
Claims and influence over Dalmatia, Rama, Croatia, and Moldavia.

Historical Significance

The Jagiellonian era is often regarded as a period of significant political consolidation, cultural flourishing, and military strength. It marked the rise of the Polish Renaissance and laid the groundwork for the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, a major European power.

The dynasty's reign fostered:

The Polish-Lithuanian union, creating a vast personal union that evolved into the Commonwealth.
A cultural "Golden Age" in Poland, characterized by Renaissance art, architecture, and humanism.
Strategic alliances and conflicts that shaped the political map of Eastern Europe.

Dynastic Origins

From Gediminids to Royalty

The Jagiellonian dynasty emerged as a cadet branch of the Lithuanian Grand Ducal House of Gediminids. Its foundation was cemented by Jogaila's baptism into Christianity and his marriage to Queen Jadwiga of Poland, uniting the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with the Kingdom of Poland.

Signed in 1385, the Union of Krewo formalized the personal union between Poland and Lithuania. Jogaila, as Władysław II Jagiełło, became King of Poland, initiating a new royal lineage and a powerful political entity that spanned both Western and Eastern European cultural spheres.

Strategic Alliances

The dynasty's rise was intrinsically linked to its strategic positioning against powerful neighbours. The union provided mutual defense against the Teutonic Knights and the growing threat from the Grand Duchy of Moscow, solidifying its influence in the region.

The Jagiellonian rulers, particularly Jogaila and his successors, engaged in significant military campaigns against the Teutonic Order, culminating in the decisive Battle of Grunwald in 1410. This victory significantly curtailed the Order's expansionist ambitions.

The Polish Crown

Jogaila and Ladislaus III

Jogaila (Władysław II Jagiełło) established the dynasty's rule in Poland, initially as co-ruler with his wife Jadwiga. His son, Ladislaus III, briefly held the crowns of Poland and Hungary, though his reign was cut short by his death at the Battle of Varna.

Jogaila's conversion and marriage initiated the Polish-Lithuanian union. Ladislaus III's reign was marked by crusades against the Ottoman Empire, ending tragically at Varna in 1444.

Casimir IV Jagiellon

Casimir IV presided over a period of territorial expansion and consolidation, notably securing Royal Prussia after the Thirteen Years' War. His reign also saw the strengthening of the Polish nobility's influence.

Casimir IV's marriage to Elisabeth of Austria linked the dynasty with the Habsburgs. His successful conflict with the Teutonic Order secured vital Baltic access for Poland and established a new political order in the region.

The Golden Age

The reigns of Sigismund I the Old and Sigismund II Augustus are often identified with the Polish Renaissance and the "Golden Age." This era witnessed significant cultural achievements, economic prosperity, and the development of sophisticated political institutions.

Influenced by Italian Renaissance ideals, Polish arts, sciences, and architecture thrived. The Jagiellonian courts, particularly under Sigismund I and his Italian wife Bona Sforza, became centers of learning and patronage.

The Bohemian Crown

Vladislaus II

Vladislaus II, son of Casimir IV, became King of Bohemia in 1471. His reign was marked by complex political maneuvering and a dual claim to the throne alongside Matthias Corvinus.

Elected King of Bohemia, Vladislaus II navigated a period of conflict, eventually sharing the title and territories with Matthias Corvinus, highlighting the intricate dynastic politics of the era.

Louis II

Louis II, son of Vladislaus II, inherited both the Bohemian and Hungarian thrones. His reign ended tragically with his death at the Battle of Mohács against the Ottoman Empire.

The defeat at Mohács in 1526 marked a pivotal moment, leading to the end of the Jagiellonian male line in Bohemia and Hungary and the subsequent partition of Hungary between the Habsburgs and the Ottomans.

The Hungarian Throne

Vladislaus II

Vladislaus II ascended the Hungarian throne in 1490, uniting it with Bohemia. His rule was characterized by the significant influence of the Hungarian nobility, often overshadowing the monarch.

Known for his cheerful disposition but also for his passivity in later years, Vladislaus II's reign saw Hungary facing economic challenges and increasing external threats, particularly from the Ottoman Empire.

Louis II

Louis II's brief reign was dominated by the escalating conflict with the Ottoman Empire. His fatal decision to confront Suleiman the Magnificent at the Battle of Mohács led to the destruction of his army and his own demise.

The Battle of Mohács in 1526 was a catastrophic defeat for Hungary, resulting in the death of Louis II and the subsequent loss of Hungarian independence for centuries, with the kingdom being divided.

The Jagiellonian Family Tree

The Jagiellonian dynasty produced numerous influential figures who shaped the political and cultural landscape of Central and Eastern Europe. Below is a representation of the key members and their lineage.

Core Lineage

Tracing the direct line from Jogaila, the dynasty expanded its reach through strategic marriages and political acumen, establishing rule across multiple kingdoms.

Jagiellonian Monarchs of Poland and Lithuania
Name	Born	Died	Reign	Spouse
Ladislaus II Jagiełło	ca. 1362	1434	1386–1434	Hedwig of Poland, Anne of Cilli, Elisabeth of Pilica, Sophia of Halshany
Ladislaus III of Poland	1424	1444 (?)	1434–1444 Poland 1440–1444 Hungary	none
Casimir IV Jagiellon	1427	1492	1447–1492	Elisabeth of Austria
John I Albert	1459	1501	1492–1501	none
Alexander I Jagiellon	1461	1506	1501–1506	Helena of Moscow
Sigismund I the Old	1467	1548	1507–1548	Barbara Zápolya, Bona Sforza
Sigismund II Augustus	1520	1572	1529–1572	Elisabeth of Austria, Barbara Radziwiłł, Catherine of Austria

Central European Monarchs

The dynasty's influence extended to Bohemia and Hungary, creating a powerful Central European bloc, though this branch eventually faced extinction.

Jagiellonian Kings of Bohemia and Hungary
Portrait	Name	Born	Died	Reign	Spouse
	Vladislaus II	1456	1516	1471–1516 Bohemia 1490–1516 Hungary and Croatia	Barbara of Brandenburg, Beatrice of Naples, Anne of Foix-Candale
	Louis II	1506	1526	1516–1526 Bohemia, Hungary, Croatia	Mary of Austria

Enduring Legacy

Union and Commonwealth

The Jagiellonian dynasty's most profound legacy is the creation and sustenance of the Polish-Lithuanian union, which evolved into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. This state was a unique political entity in Europe, characterized by a noble democracy and vast territories.

Formalized by the Union of Lublin in 1569 under Sigismund II Augustus, the Commonwealth became a major power, influencing European politics for centuries and fostering a distinct cultural identity.

Cultural Patronage

The Jagiellonian rulers, particularly Sigismund I and Sigismund II, were significant patrons of the arts and sciences, ushering in the Polish Renaissance. Their courts fostered intellectual exchange and artistic innovation.

The dynasty's patronage attracted Italian artists and scholars, leading to architectural marvels, advancements in literature, and the flourishing of humanism, leaving an indelible mark on Polish culture.

Dynastic Succession

The end of the male line with Sigismund II Augustus led to elective monarchy, a system that, while initially strengthening noble power, ultimately contributed to the Commonwealth's later vulnerabilities.

Sigismund II's childless death in 1572 marked the end of the direct Jagiellonian rule, paving the way for the elective monarchy and the eventual succession of the House of Vasa, continuing the dynasty's influence through female lines.

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References

Borkowska, Urszula (2012). Dynastia JagiellonÃ³w w Polsce (in Polish). PWN. pp. 79, 477, 481. ISBN 9788301205331.

J. KiaupienÄ ValdÅ¾ios krizÄs pabaiga ir Kazimieras Jogailaitis. Gimtoji istorija 2: Nuo 7 iki 12 klasÄs (Lietuvos istorijos vadovÄlis). CD. (2003). ElektroninÄs leidybos namai: Vilnius.

Borkowska, Urszula (2012). Dynastia JagiellonÃ³w w Polsce (in Polish). PWN. p. 524. ISBN 9788301205331.

Borkowska, Urszula (2012). Dynastia JagiellonÃ³w w Polsce (in Polish). PWN. p. 73. ISBN 9788301205331.

Borkowska, Urszula (2012). Dynastia JagiellonÃ³w w Polsce (in Polish). PWN. pp. 542, 544-545. ISBN 9788301205331.

Borkowska, Urszula (2012). Dynastia JagiellonÃ³w w Polsce (in Polish). PWN. p. 536. ISBN 9788301205331.

Borkowska, Urszula (2012). Dynastia JagiellonÃ³w w Polsce (in Polish). PWN. pp. 562-564. ISBN 9788301205331.

Borkowska, Urszula (2012). Dynastia JagiellonÃ³w w Polsce (in Polish). PWN. p. 565. ISBN 9788301205331.

A full list of references for this article are available at the Jagiellonian dynasty Wikipedia page

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The Jagiellonian Epoch

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

The Jagiellonian Dynasty 👑

📜 Name and Etymology

🌍 Geographical Reach

🏛️ Historical Significance

Dynastic Origins 🌳

🔗 From Gediminids to Royalty

⚔️ Strategic Alliances

The Polish Crown 🇵🇱

👑 Jogaila and Ladislaus III

🏛️ Casimir IV Jagiellon

🌟 The Golden Age

The Bohemian Crown 🇨🇿

👑 Vladislaus II

⚔️ Louis II

The Hungarian Throne 🇭🇺

👑 Vladislaus II

🛡️ Louis II

The Jagiellonian Family Tree 👨‍👩‍👧‍👦

🌳 Core Lineage

👑 Central European Monarchs

Enduring Legacy 🏛️

🤝 Union and Commonwealth

🎨 Cultural Patronage

⚖️ Dynastic Succession

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Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

The Jagiellonian Dynasty

Name and Etymology

Geographical Reach

Historical Significance

Dynastic Origins

From Gediminids to Royalty

Strategic Alliances

The Polish Crown

Jogaila and Ladislaus III

Casimir IV Jagiellon

The Golden Age

The Bohemian Crown

Vladislaus II

Louis II

The Hungarian Throne

Vladislaus II

Louis II

The Jagiellonian Family Tree

Core Lineage

Central European Monarchs

Enduring Legacy

Union and Commonwealth

Cultural Patronage

Dynastic Succession

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

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Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice