John Lamb (1735–1800) was an American soldier, politician, and a prominent Anti-Federalist organizer, particularly active in New York state during the formative years of the United States.

What was John Lamb's primary military role during the American Revolutionary War?

During the American Revolutionary War, John Lamb held a significant command role, leading the 2nd Continental Artillery Regiment.

When and where was John Lamb born?

John Lamb was born on January 1, 1735, in New York City, which was then part of the Province of New York within British America.

Who was John Lamb's father, and what was his background?

John Lamb's father was Anthony Lamb, who had a criminal past, having been transported to the colonies in the 1720s as a convicted burglar.

What were John Lamb's initial professions before his military and political career?

Before entering military and political service, John Lamb was initially trained as an optician and instrument maker. He later established himself as a prosperous wine merchant in New York City.

What role did John Lamb play in the Sons of Liberty?

Prior to the Revolutionary War, John Lamb was a leading member of the Sons of Liberty. His contributions included writing articles and publishing anonymous handbills to support the Patriot cause.

What action did John Lamb and his men take upon hearing news of the Battles of Lexington and Concord?

Upon receiving news of the Battles of Lexington and Concord, John Lamb led his men in seizing the military stores that were located at Turtle Bay in Manhattan.

In which significant early battle of the Revolutionary War did John Lamb serve under Richard Montgomery and Benedict Arnold?

John Lamb served under the command of Richard Montgomery and Benedict Arnold during the Battle of Quebec in 1775.

What happened to John Lamb during the assault on Quebec city?

During the assault on Quebec city, John Lamb sustained wounds and was captured by British forces. He was subsequently released on parole a few months later.

What were John Lamb's military ranks and when did he achieve them?

John Lamb progressed through the ranks, starting as a captain of an artillery company. He was appointed major of artillery on January 9, 1776, and later became colonel of the 2nd Continental Artillery Regiment in January 1777. He was also awarded the honorary rank of brigadier general on September 30, 1783.

Where did John Lamb command artillery during the later years of the war?

John Lamb commanded the artillery stationed at West Point, New York, during the years 1779 and 1780.

What was John Lamb's role during the 1781 campaign and the Siege of Yorktown?

During the 1781 campaign and the crucial Siege of Yorktown, Lamb continued to command the 2nd Continental Artillery Regiment. Notably, he was the Officer of the Day on October 9, 1781, when General Washington fired the first American cannon to commence the siege.

How was John Lamb's artillery unit recognized for its service during the Siege of Yorktown?

John Lamb's artillery detachment received significant praise from high-ranking officers, including General Washington and General Henry Knox, the chief of artillery for the Continental Army. A formal General Order from the Commander-in-Chief conveyed thanks and appreciation to Lamb's unit for their distinguished performance.

What temporary command did John Lamb hold after the British surrender in the Revolutionary War?

Following the British surrender, John Lamb was entrusted with the temporary command of all the artillery. In this capacity, he oversaw the logistics of returning the artillery to New York.

What significant political office did John Lamb hold after the Revolutionary War, and under which administration?

After the war, John Lamb was appointed Collector of Customs by the State of New York in 1784. He was subsequently retained as the Federal Collector of the Port of New York during the administration of President George Washington.

What challenge related to international commerce did John Lamb's role as Collector of the Port of New York involve?

In his capacity as Collector of the Port of New York, John Lamb's responsibilities included addressing the persistent threat that Barbary pirates posed to American maritime commerce.

Why was John Lamb dismissed from his position as Collector of the Port of New York?

John Lamb was dismissed from his federal position in 1797 by President John Adams. The dismissal occurred after his deputy was accused of defrauding the Federal government of tax revenues.

What was John Lamb's stance on the proposed United States Constitution during the ratification debates?

During the critical debates surrounding the ratification of the United States Constitution in 1787-1788, John Lamb emerged as a prominent Anti-Federalist, actively opposing its adoption.

What organizational role did John Lamb play within the Anti-Federalist movement in New York?

John Lamb served as the chairman of the Federal Republican Committee of New York. This committee was instrumental in distributing Anti-Federalist writings and coordinating opposition efforts against the Constitution with Anti-Federalists in other states.

How did John Lamb contribute to the dissemination of Anti-Federalist ideas?

Between the fall of 1787 and June 1788, John Lamb actively worked to spread Anti-Federalist pamphlets. His distribution efforts reached across New York and New England, and extended as far south as South Carolina.

Who were some of the notable Anti-Federalists with whom John Lamb corresponded?

John Lamb maintained correspondence with several prominent Anti-Federalists, including Joshua Atherton, Aedanus Burke, Patrick Henry, and Richard Henry Lee.

When and where did John Lamb die?

John Lamb died on May 31, 1800, in New York City.

What was the financial condition of John Lamb at the time of his death?

According to the provided text, John Lamb died in poverty.

What does the image caption describe regarding John Lamb?

The image caption describes a photograph or illustration of John Lamb, accompanied by his signature, sourced from the archives of the New York Public Library.

What information does the infobox provide about John Lamb's role as Collector of the Port of New York?

The infobox indicates that John Lamb held the office of Collector of the Port of New York from 1784 to 1797. It notes his appointment by the Congress of the Confederation and his retention by President George Washington, with Joshua Sands listed as his successor.

What military rank is represented by the insignia shown in John Lamb's infobox?

The insignia displayed in John Lamb's infobox corresponds to the rank of Brigadier General (O-7) in the United States military structure.

What specific battle is mentioned in the infobox in relation to John Lamb's military service?

The Battle of Quebec, which took place in 1775, is specifically mentioned in the infobox as a battle in which John Lamb participated.

Who appointed John Lamb to the position of Collector of the Port of New York?

John Lamb was initially appointed Collector of Customs by the State of New York in 1784. He was later retained as the Federal Collector of the Port of New York during President George Washington's administration, following an appointment by the Congress of the Confederation.

What does the 'See also' section suggest as a related figure or event?

The 'See also' section lists William Goddard, identifying him as an associate of John Lamb during the postal campaign of 1774.

What types of resources are listed in the 'Further reading' section concerning John Lamb?

The 'Further reading' section lists various historical books and articles that provide additional information on John Lamb's life and times, including works on the Civil Service, the Antifederalists, and specific memoirs about his life.

What external links are provided in the 'Link' section for John Lamb?

The 'Link' section provides links to Wikimedia Commons for media related to John Lamb and to Find a Grave for information about his burial site.

What does the succession box indicate about John Lamb's tenure as the Federal Collector of the Port of New York?

The succession box specifically details John Lamb's tenure as the Federal Collector of the Port of New York from 1789 to 1797. It shows that he succeeded a newly established federal office in this role and was followed by Joshua Sands.

What was the significance of John Lamb's role concerning the Barbary pirates?

John Lamb's role as Collector of the Port of New York involved addressing the ongoing threat that Barbary pirates posed to American commerce, highlighting the challenges faced by the young nation's trade.

What does the term 'Anti-Federalist organizer' imply about John Lamb's political activities?

The term 'Anti-Federalist organizer' implies that John Lamb was actively involved in structuring and promoting the movement that opposed the ratification of the United States Constitution, likely through coordination, communication, and dissemination of materials.

How long did John Lamb serve as the Federal Collector of the Port of New York?

John Lamb served as the Federal Collector of the Port of New York from 1789 until his dismissal in 1797.

What was the nature of John Lamb's early involvement in the conflict leading up to the Revolutionary War?

John Lamb's early involvement included being a leading member of the Sons of Liberty, writing articles, publishing anonymous handbills, and leading his men to seize military stores at Turtle Bay following the Battles of Lexington and Concord.

What specific military unit did John Lamb command as a colonel?

As a colonel, John Lamb commanded the 2nd Continental Artillery Regiment during the American Revolutionary War.

What does the reference to a 'General Order from the Commander-in-Chief' signify regarding Lamb's unit?

The reference to a 'General Order from the Commander-in-Chief' signifies that John Lamb's artillery unit received official commendation and thanks directly from General Washington for their distinguished service during the Siege of Yorktown.

What does the term 'breveted' mean in the context of John Lamb's military career?

The term 'breveted' indicates that John Lamb was granted the honorary rank of brigadier general, typically awarded for meritorious service, without necessarily altering his active command status or pay structure.

What purpose does the 'Authority control' section serve?

The 'Authority control' section provides standardized identifiers and links to external databases, such as ISNI, VIAF, and the Library of Congress, which help uniquely identify John Lamb and locate related archival and biographical information.

What does the mention of 'Barbary pirates' relate to in John Lamb's career?

The mention of Barbary pirates relates to the challenges John Lamb faced in his role as Collector of the Port of New York, specifically concerning the protection of American commerce from pirate activities.

What was the outcome of the 1787-1788 debates over the U.S. Constitution for John Lamb?

During the 1787-1788 debates, John Lamb was a key Anti-Federalist figure who actively worked to coordinate opposition to the ratification of the proposed United States Constitution.

What does the reference to 'New York City, Province of New York, British America' signify about Lamb's origin?

This reference signifies that John Lamb was born in New York City during the colonial era, when it was under British rule, prior to the establishment of the United States.

What do the flags depicted in the infobox, such as the U.S. flag (1777–1795) and the Betsy Ross flag, represent in relation to John Lamb?

These flags symbolize John Lamb's service and allegiance to the United States and the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War period.

What does the infobox entry 'Preceded by: Office established' mean for John Lamb's role as Collector of the Port of New York?

This entry indicates that when John Lamb first took on the role of Collector of the Port of New York, it was a newly created position, meaning there was no direct predecessor holding that specific office.

What does the reference to the 'New York Public Library' in the figure caption imply?

The reference implies that the image and signature of John Lamb are preserved within the historical collections of the New York Public Library, serving as an authentic record.

What does the mention of 'West Point, New York' in relation to Lamb's command indicate?

It indicates that John Lamb held a significant command position, overseeing artillery operations at the strategically important military post of West Point during 1779 and 1780.

What is the function of the 'navbox' at the end of the article?

The navbox serves as a navigational tool, listing a succession of individuals who held the office of Collector of the Port of New York, thereby placing John Lamb within a historical context of officeholders.

What does the 'Authority control' entry for 'SNAC' refer to?

The SNAC (Social Networks and Archival Context) entry provides links to archival materials and contextual information about John Lamb, aiding researchers in locating primary sources related to his life and activities.

John Lamb General Wiki: John Lamb: Forge of the Revolution, Voice of Dissent

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Foundational Years

Origins and Early Life

Born John Lamb on January 1, 1735, in New York City, his early life was shaped by his father, Anthony Lamb, who had been transported to the colonies as a convicted burglar. Despite this background, John received training as an optician and instrument maker, establishing himself in the city.

A Prosperous Merchant

Before the crucible of war, Lamb became a successful wine merchant in New York City. This commercial success provided him with financial stability and a prominent position within the colonial community, laying the groundwork for his later public service and revolutionary activities.

Early Revolutionary Zeal

Prior to the outbreak of hostilities, Lamb was a recognized leader among the Sons of Liberty. He actively participated in disseminating political ideas through anonymous publications and handbills. Upon hearing news of the Battles of Lexington and Concord, he swiftly led his men to seize crucial military stores at Turtle Bay, Manhattan, demonstrating his commitment to the Patriot cause.

Revolutionary General

Artillery Command

Lamb's military career was defined by his leadership in artillery. He was commissioned as a captain of an artillery company and served with distinction under notable commanders like Richard Montgomery and Benedict Arnold during the arduous campaign leading to the Battle of Quebec. Though wounded and captured during the assault, his resilience was evident.

Rise Through the Ranks

Following his release, Lamb continued his service. He was appointed Major of artillery in January 1776 and subsequently rose to Colonel of the 2nd Continental Artillery Regiment in January 1777. His strategic command of artillery positions at West Point, New York, during 1779 and 1780 was vital for the defense of the crucial Hudson River stronghold.

Yorktown and Recognition

During the pivotal 1781 Siege of Yorktown, Lamb commanded the 2nd Regiment, comprising approximately 200 officers and men. He held the significant post of Officer of the Day when General Washington initiated the siege with the first cannon fire. His artillery unit's performance earned high praise from both Washington and General Henry Knox, Chief of Artillery for the Continental Army, culminating in a brevet promotion to Brigadier General on September 30, 1783.

Post-War Public Service

Collector of the Port

Following his military service, Lamb transitioned into civil administration. In 1784, he was appointed Collector of Customs by the State of New York. He was subsequently retained in this critical role as the Federal Collector of the Port of New York throughout the administration of President George Washington, overseeing vital trade and revenue.

Navigating Political Currents

Lamb's tenure as Collector was eventually impacted by political shifts. In 1797, President John Adams dismissed him from office following accusations of fraud directed at his deputy. This marked a significant turning point in his public career, highlighting the complexities of governance in the nascent United States.

Voice of Dissent: Anti-Federalism

Championing Opposition

During the critical debates surrounding the ratification of the United States Constitution in 1787-1788, Lamb emerged as a leading Anti-Federalist figure in New York. He understood the profound implications of the proposed framework for governance and actively organized opposition.

Coordinating Resistance

As chairman of the Federal Republican Committee of New York, Lamb played a crucial role in disseminating Anti-Federalist arguments and coordinating efforts with like-minded individuals across the states. His network extended from New England to South Carolina, distributing pamphlets and fostering a unified voice against the Constitution's ratification without a Bill of Rights.

Enduring Impact

A Life of Service and Struggle

John Lamb's life spanned a transformative period in American history. He served with distinction as a military leader, contributing significantly to the success of the Revolution. His subsequent roles in public administration and his vigorous advocacy as an Anti-Federalist demonstrate a deep engagement with the nation's founding principles.

Final Years

Despite his considerable contributions to both the military and political spheres, Lamb's life concluded in hardship. He died in poverty on May 31, 1800, at the age of 65. His story serves as a poignant reminder of the sacrifices made by many during the nation's formative years.

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John Lamb: Architect of Liberty

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Foundational Years 📜

👶 Origins and Early Life

💰 A Prosperous Merchant

✊ Early Revolutionary Zeal

Revolutionary General ⚔️

🎖️ Artillery Command

🚀 Rise Through the Ranks

💥 Yorktown and Recognition

Post-War Public Service 🏛️

🚢 Collector of the Port

⚖️ Navigating Political Currents

Voice of Dissent: Anti-Federalism 🗣️

📜 Championing Opposition

✉️ Coordinating Resistance

Enduring Impact ⭐

⏳ A Life of Service and Struggle

😔 Final Years

Teacher's Corner 🧑‍🏫

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📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Foundational Years

Origins and Early Life

A Prosperous Merchant

Early Revolutionary Zeal

Revolutionary General

Artillery Command

Rise Through the Ranks

Yorktown and Recognition

Post-War Public Service

Collector of the Port

Navigating Political Currents

Voice of Dissent: Anti-Federalism

Championing Opposition

Coordinating Resistance

Enduring Impact

A Life of Service and Struggle

Final Years

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice