What is Nanjing's current administrative status and its role in Jiangsu province?

Nanjing is the capital of Jiangsu province, located in the southwestern part of the province. It functions as both a prefecture-level and a sub-provincial city within China's administrative structure, granting it significant jurisdictional and economic autonomy, comparable to that of a province.

What is the literal meaning of the name 'Nanjing' and what is its historical context?

The name 'Nanjing' literally translates to 'Southern Capital' in Chinese. This designation reflects its historical role as a capital city for various Chinese dynasties and governments over centuries, though the name was initially informal.

How does Nanjing's location in the Yangtze River Delta contribute to its significance?

Situated in the Yangtze River Delta, a major economic zone in China, Nanjing holds a prominent position in Chinese history and culture. Its location also makes it home to one of the world's largest inland ports, facilitating trade and transportation.

What historical periods saw Nanjing serve as a capital city?

Nanjing has served as a capital for numerous Chinese dynasties, kingdoms, and republican governments, dating back to the 3rd century and continuing intermittently until 1949. Notable periods include the Eastern Wu, Eastern Jin, Southern Dynasties, Southern Tang, the Ming Dynasty, and the Republic of China.

What accolades has Nanjing received in recent years?

Nanjing has been recognized with several titles, including the 2008 Habitat Scroll of Honor of China, a Special UN Habitat Scroll of Honor Award, and the designation of National Civilized City. It is also classified as a Beta (global second-tier) city.

How is Nanjing classified within China's administrative structure, and what does this entail?

Nanjing is classified as one of the fifteen sub-provincial cities in China's administrative system. This classification grants it considerable jurisdictional and economic autonomy, placing its administrative power only slightly below that of a full province.

What is Nanjing's ranking in terms of scientific research output and in specific scientific fields?

Nanjing ranks as the fifth most prolific city globally for scientific research output. It is particularly noted as the world's second most prolific scientific research center in earth and environmental sciences and the third in chemistry and physical sciences, according to the Nature Index.

What are some of the historical names associated with Nanjing?

Throughout its history, Nanjing has been known by several names, including Jinling, Moling, Jianye, Jiankang, Shengzhou, and Jiangning. Some of these historical names are now used for districts within the modern city.

What is the literal meaning of the name 'Jinling', another historical name for Nanjing?

The historical name 'Jinling' is associated with the city's name 'Jinlingyi', which translates to 'City of the Golden' or 'Precious Burial Mound'. This name is linked to the Purple Mountain (Zijin Shan) located east of the walled city.

When did Nanjing first become an imperial Chinese capital, and under which dynasty?

Nanjing first became an imperial Chinese capital under the Sima Jin dynasty, when the city, then known as Jiankang, was established as the capital in 317 AD. This marked the first time a Chinese dynastic capital was moved from the north to the south.

What was the significance of Jiankang during the Six Dynasties period?

Jiankang, the name for Nanjing during the Six Dynasties period (317-589 AD), served as the capital for six dynasties. During this era, it became a major commercial, cultural, and political center and an international hub in East Asia.

How did the Sui dynasty impact Nanjing?

The Sui dynasty, upon reunifying China, significantly impacted Nanjing by razing much of the city after its conquest, reducing it to a small town. This period marked a decline for the city after its prominence during the Six Dynasties.

What role did Nanjing play during the Ming Dynasty?

Nanjing served as the first imperial capital of the Ming Dynasty, established by the Hongwu Emperor in 1368. During this period, extensive construction projects, including a massive city wall and the Ming Palace complex, were undertaken, and it was considered the largest city in the world for a time.

Why did the Ming Dynasty capital move from Nanjing to Beijing?

The Ming Dynasty capital was moved from Nanjing to Beijing in 1421 by the Yongle Emperor. This move was influenced by his prior role as Prince of Yan in the north and his father's ancestral injunctions that required Nanjing to remain a permanent imperial capital, leading to a dual capital system.

What was Nanjing's status during the Southern Ming dynasty?

Nanjing briefly served as the capital of the Southern Ming dynasty in 1644 when Zhu Yousong was enthroned as the Hongguang Emperor. However, this regime was short-lived, falling to Qing forces the following year.

What significant event occurred in Nanjing in 1937 during the Second Sino-Japanese War?

In December 1937, Japanese troops occupied Nanjing and carried out the brutal Nanjing Massacre, also known as the 'Rape of Nanjing,' resulting in an estimated 300,000 to 350,000 deaths and severe damage to the city.

When did Nanjing become the capital of the Republic of China, and what was this period called?

The Kuomintang (Nationalist Party) re-established Nanjing as the capital of the Republic of China in 1927. The subsequent decade, marked by significant construction and modernization, is known as the 'Nanjing decade'.

What is the significance of the 'Nanjing Man' discovery?

The discovery of 'Nanjing Man' fossils in Hulu Cave established that Homo erectus inhabited eastern China around 600,000 years ago, significantly earlier than previously believed.

What is Nanjing's climate classification, and what is it known for during the summer?

Nanjing has a humid subtropical climate (Koppen Cfa), influenced by the East Asian monsoon. It is known as one of the 'Three Furnaces' along the Yangtze River due to its very hot and muggy summers.

What is the 'meiyu' season, and when does it occur in Nanjing?

The 'meiyu' season, also known as the plum rain season in East Asia, occurs in Nanjing from mid-June to the end of July. During this period, the city experiences mild rain and damp conditions.

How does Nanjing's winter climate compare to London's, despite their difference in latitude?

Despite being located at a lower latitude (32°N) compared to London (51°N), Nanjing experiences a colder winter climate, with average January temperatures being similar to or lower than London's. This is attributed to its humid subtropical climate characteristics.

What are some of Nanjing's notable natural resources?

Nanjing possesses rich natural resources, including over 40 types of minerals, with significant reserves of iron and sulfur. Its strontium reserves are the largest in East Asia and Southeast Asia, and it also benefits from abundant water resources from the Yangtze River and groundwater, along with natural hot springs.

What is the Port of Nanjing's significance in China's logistics network?

The Port of Nanjing is recognized as the largest inland port in China and a major hub for river-sea transshipment. Its deep-water channel allows large ocean-going vessels to reach the port, solidifying its role as a leading port in the Yangtze River Delta region.

How many administrative districts does Nanjing have, and what are their general categories?

Nanjing is divided into 11 administrative districts. These districts are categorized into 'City Proper' (urban core) and 'Suburban' areas, reflecting the city's administrative and geographical organization.

What is the predominant ethnic group in Nanjing, and what are the significant minority groups?

The population of Nanjing is predominantly Han nationality, making up 98.56% of the residents. Among the officially recognized minority groups, the Hui people are the largest, followed by the Manchu and Zhuang peoples.

What is the primary language spoken in Nanjing, and what other dialects are present?

Nanjing Mandarin is the primary language spoken throughout most of Nanjing. However, Wu Chinese is spoken in parts of Gaochun District and southern Lishui District.

What is the economic structure of Nanjing, with a focus on its dominant industries?

Nanjing's economy is primarily driven by service industries, which constitute about 60% of its GDP. Key pillar industries include information technology, energy saving and environmental protection, new energy, smart power grids, and intelligent equipment manufacturing.

How does Nanjing rank in terms of GDP and economic competitiveness within China?

Nanjing's GDP ranks among the top cities in China, often within the top 10 or 12. Its overall economic competence is also highly rated, frequently placing it among the top 10 most competitive cities in mainland China.

What is Nanjing's role as a hub for scientific research and development?

Nanjing is a significant hub for industrial technology research and development, particularly in electronics, IT, computer software, biotechnology, and new materials. It hosts numerous R&D centers for both domestic and multinational corporations.

What is the significance of Nanjing as a railway hub in eastern China?

Nanjing serves as a crucial railway junction in eastern China, connecting major high-speed rail lines such as the Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway and the Shanghai-Wuhan-Chengdu Passenger Dedicated Line. It is home to major stations like Nanjing Railway Station and Nanjing South Railway Station.

What is the capacity and significance of Nanjing Lukou International Airport (NKG)?

Nanjing Lukou International Airport (NKG) handles a substantial number of passengers and freight annually, serving both domestic and international destinations. It is connected to the city center by highway and rail, making it a key transportation gateway.

What is the historical significance of the first Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge?

The first Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge, completed in 1968, was a symbol of modern China's self-reliance in engineering and construction, being designed and built by Chinese efforts after foreign assistance was deemed inadequate or rejected. It was the sole crossing over the Lower Yangtze in eastern China at the time.

What are some of the major expressways that serve Nanjing?

Nanjing is connected by several national expressways, including the G25 Changchun-Shenzhen Expressway, G36 Nanjing-Luoyang Expressway, G40 Shanghai-Xi'an Expressway, G42 Shanghai-Chengdu Expressway, and the G2503 Nanjing Ring Expressway, facilitating regional and national transport.

How extensive is the Nanjing Metro system, and what are its future plans?

As of recent data, the Nanjing Metro system comprises 12 lines with 208 stations and a total length of 449 kilometers, making it one of the most extensive metro networks globally. The city plans to expand this system further by 2030.

What is Nanjing's reputation as a 'city of culture'?

Nanjing is widely regarded as a 'city of culture' due to its long cultural tradition, its historical role as an imperial examination center, and the presence of numerous educational institutions that foster intellectual and artistic exchange.

What artistic traditions are prominent in Nanjing?

Nanjing has a rich artistic heritage, particularly in painting and calligraphy, with historical masters and distinct schools like the 'Jinling School of Painting.' It also hosts prominent art groups and galleries showcasing both traditional and contemporary Chinese art.

What are some of the traditional festivals and customs historically observed in Nanjing?

Historically, Nanjing observed festivals like climbing the City Wall on January 16th, bathing in Qing Xi on March 3rd, and hill hiking on September 9th (according to the lunar calendar). However, many of these traditional customs are no longer widely celebrated.

What is the significance of Nanjing Library?

Nanjing Library, founded in 1907, is the third-largest library in China, housing over 10 million volumes. It serves as a major repository of knowledge and cultural heritage for the region.

What makes Nanjing Museum notable in China's museum landscape?

Nanjing Museum, one of China's leading museums, is distinguished by its vast collection of Ming and Qing imperial porcelain, considered among the largest in the world. It also houses extensive collections of historical artifacts and art.

What types of traditional Chinese opera are represented by professional troupes in Nanjing?

Nanjing hosts professional opera troupes for various traditional Chinese art forms, including Kunqu Opera (considered China's oldest stage art), Yang Opera, Yue Opera (Shaoxing Opera), Xi Opera, and Jing Opera, reflecting the city's diverse cultural scene.

What is 'Jinling cuisine', and what are its characteristics?

Jinling cuisine refers to the local cuisine of Nanjing, which is a significant part of Jiangsu cuisine. It is known for its meticulous preparation, emphasis on fresh, seasonal ingredients, avoidance of preservatives, and a tendency towards light and delicate flavors, particularly famous for its duck and goose dishes.

What is the significance of Nanjing in the history of modern Chinese sports?

Nanjing is considered the birthplace of modern Chinese sports. It hosted the first National Games in Chinese history in 1910 and was the location where the precursor to the Chinese Olympic Committee was established, making it pivotal to China's Olympic journey.

What major sporting events has Nanjing hosted?

Nanjing has hosted significant sporting events, including the 10th National Games of the People's Republic of China in 2005 and the 2nd Summer Youth Olympics in 2014, highlighting its capacity as a major sports venue.

What architectural styles and historical periods are represented in Nanjing's architecture?

Nanjing's architecture showcases a wide variety, featuring buildings from multiple dynasties, the Republic of China era, and contemporary structures, reflecting its long and varied history as a capital city.

What are some of the key attractions located within Nanjing's walled city?

Within Nanjing's historic walled city are significant landmarks such as the City Wall of Nanjing, Zhonghua Gate, Fuzimiao (Confucius Temple) along the Qinhuai River, the Ming Palace complex, and the Drum Tower of Nanjing.

What are some notable attractions located outside Nanjing's walled city?

Outside the walled city, key attractions include the Purple Mountain Scenic Area, the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, Linggu Temple, Xuanwu Lake, and Qixia Temple, which collectively represent Nanjing's natural beauty and historical depth.

What is the significance of the 'Nanjing 1912' district in the city's nightlife?

The 'Nanjing 1912' district is a well-established area that offers diverse nightlife options, including restaurants, pubs, and dance clubs. It contributes to the city's evolving and varied entertainment scene.

What is the 'Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall' and its purpose?

The Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall was constructed in 1985 to commemorate the victims of the Nanjing Massacre. It serves as a solemn reminder of the atrocities committed during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

What is the significance of the 'Eight Dry Seasons' and 'Eight Fresh' in Nanjing's culinary traditions?

The 'Eight Dry Seasons' refers to eight types of spring vegetables and wild vegetables traditionally eaten by Nanjing residents during the Qingming Festival. Similarly, 'eight fresh' refers to aquatic fruits and vegetables associated with the Mid-Autumn Festival, highlighting the city's connection to seasonal foods.

What is the 'Nanjing dialect', and what is its historical linguistic importance?

Nanjing Mandarin is the primary dialect spoken in Nanjing. Historically, it served as the standard pronunciation of Chinese for a long period and was considered the prestige dialect and imperial lingua franca of Lower Yangtze Mandarin.

What is the 'Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall' and its purpose?

The Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall was constructed in 1985 to commemorate the victims of the Nanjing Massacre. It serves as a solemn reminder of the atrocities committed during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

Nanjing Wiki: Nanjing: Echoes of Empires, Crucible of Modernity

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

When you are ready...
🎮 Play the Wiki2Web Clarity Challenge Game🎮

Nanjing: An Overview

Historical Significance

Nanjing, the capital of Jiangsu province in East China, stands as a testament to China's rich historical and cultural tapestry. Strategically located in the southwestern part of the province within the Yangtze River Delta, it has served as the capital for numerous Chinese dynasties, kingdoms, and republican governments since the 3rd century CE.⁹ This enduring legacy has cemented its status as a pivotal center for culture, education, research, politics, economy, and transportation.

Administrative Status

As one of China's fifteen sub-provincial cities, Nanjing possesses significant jurisdictional and economic autonomy, approaching that of a full province.⁸⁹ It has been recognized with accolades such as the 2008 Habitat Scroll of Honor and the National Civilized City award, reflecting its development and urban planning.¹⁰ Furthermore, it is classified as a Beta (second-tier global) city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network and is noted for its strong financial sector.¹¹¹²

Academic Hub

Nanjing is a prominent center for higher education, hosting 68 institutions of learning as of 2021.¹³¹⁴ Among these are ten universities recognized under Project 211 and ten designated as 'Double First-Class' universities. Nanjing University, in particular, is globally recognized for its scientific research output, ranking among the top universities worldwide in fields like earth sciences, chemistry, and physical sciences.¹⁶¹⁸

A Journey Through Time

Ancient Roots

Evidence of human habitation dates back to the Paleolithic era with the discovery of "Nanjing Man," indicating the presence of Homo erectus around 600,000 years ago.³⁵ Neolithic settlements flourished in the region by 5000 BC.³⁷ The earliest cities, such as Tangyi (established 571 BC) and Jinlingyi (fortified 495 BC), mark the nascent stages of urban development in the area.³⁹

Capital of Dynasties

Nanjing's prominence as a capital began in AD 220 with its designation as Jianye, the capital of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period. It subsequently served as the capital for the Eastern Jin and the four Southern Dynasties, becoming a major East Asian hub.⁴³ During the Ming Dynasty (1368–1421), Nanjing was the imperial capital, featuring extensive construction, including its formidable city wall.⁵⁶

Nanjing has been the capital city for the following dynasties and regimes:

Eastern Wu (229–280)
Eastern Jin (317–420)
Liu Song (420–479)
Southern Qi (479–502)
Liang (502–557)
Chen (557–589)
Southern Tang (937–976)
Ming Dynasty (1368–1421)
Republic of China (1912, 1927–1937, 1946–1949)
Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (1853–1864)
Reorganized National Government of China (1940–1945)

Turbulent Centuries

The city experienced periods of destruction and revival, notably being razed during the Sui Dynasty and later serving as the capital for the Southern Tang.⁵⁰ During the Qing Dynasty, it was known as Jiangning but remained a significant administrative and economic center.⁸³ The city was tragically impacted by the Taiping Rebellion, serving as its capital (Tianjing), and later suffered the atrocities of the Nanjing Massacre during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1938), resulting in immense loss of life and destruction.⁸⁹

Geographical Context

Location and Topography

Nanjing covers a total land area of approximately 6,598 km² (2,548 sq mi). It is situated in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, within the economically vital Yangtze River Delta region.^d The Yangtze River borders the city to the west and north, while the Ningzheng Ridge surrounds its northern, eastern, and southern peripheries.^d

Regional Connections

The city connects to the Grand Canal, linking the Huai River basin to the north and the Zhe River basin to the south.^d Nanjing borders several prefecture-level cities in Anhui province to the west and is adjacent to Yangzhou, Zhenjiang, and Changzhou in Jiangsu province to the east and northeast.⁹³ Its strategic location facilitates extensive transportation networks, including a deep-water channel project to accommodate large vessels from the East China Sea.⁹⁹

Climate Profile

Seasonal Characteristics

Nanjing experiences a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), influenced by the East Asian monsoon. The city is known for its distinct seasons: hot, muggy summers; cold, damp winters; and moderate spring and autumn periods. It is often referred to as one of China's "Three Furnaces" due to its high summer temperatures.⁹⁵ The period from mid-June to late July marks the "plum rain" season, characterized by persistent dampness and mild rainfall.⁹⁵

Climate Data

The average annual temperature is approximately 16.4 °C (61.5 °F). January averages 3.1 °C (37.6 °F), while July averages 28.4 °C (83.1 °F). Extreme temperatures recorded range from -14.0 °C (6.8 °F) to 40.7 °C (105.3 °F).⁹⁶⁹⁷ Precipitation averages 1,144 mm (45.0 in) annually, distributed across approximately 113 days.⁹⁶

Climate data for Nanjing, elevation 35 m (115 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	21.0 (69.8)	27.7 (81.9)	33.2 (91.8)	34.2 (93.6)	37.5 (99.5)	38.1 (100.6)	40.0 (104.0)	40.7 (105.3)	39.0 (102.2)	38.1 (100.6)	29.2 (84.6)	23.1 (73.6)	40.7 (105.3)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	7.4 (45.3)	10.1 (50.2)	15.1 (59.2)	21.4 (70.5)	26.6 (79.9)	29.2 (84.6)	32.4 (90.3)	31.9 (89.4)	27.9 (82.2)	22.8 (73.0)	16.6 (61.9)	10.0 (50.0)	21.0 (69.7)
Daily mean °C (°F)	3.1 (37.6)	5.6 (42.1)	10.1 (50.2)	16.2 (61.2)	21.5 (70.7)	25.0 (77.0)	28.4 (83.1)	27.9 (82.2)	23.7 (74.7)	18.0 (64.4)	11.5 (52.7)	5.4 (41.7)	16.4 (61.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	0.0 (32.0)	2.0 (35.6)	6.0 (42.8)	11.6 (52.9)	17.1 (62.8)	21.4 (70.5)	25.1 (77.2)	24.8 (76.6)	20.3 (68.5)	14.2 (57.6)	7.7 (45.9)	1.9 (35.4)	12.7 (54.8)
Record low °C (°F)	−14.0 (6.8)	−13.0 (8.6)	−7.1 (19.2)	−0.2 (31.6)	5.0 (41.0)	11.8 (53.2)	16.8 (62.2)	16.9 (62.4)	7.7 (45.9)	0.2 (32.4)	−6.3 (20.7)	−13.1 (8.4)	−14.0 (6.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	50.2 (1.98)	53.5 (2.11)	79.7 (3.14)	82.4 (3.24)	83.8 (3.30)	193.4 (7.61)	226.8 (8.93)	158.5 (6.24)	72.9 (2.87)	55.5 (2.19)	52.3 (2.06)	35.0 (1.38)	1,144 (45.05)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm)	9.2	8.9	10.9	9.6	9.9	10.6	11.7	12.1	7.8	7.3	7.7	7.2	112.9
Average snowy days	3.7	3.0	1.0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.4	1.2	9.3
Average relative humidity (%)	73	71	69	68	69	76	78	79	76	73	71	73	73
Mean monthly sunshine hours	121.2	124.5	153.2	180.6	190.4	155.4	195.4	197.6	165.0	168.6	145.4	135.1	1,932.4
■ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
■ Precipitation totals in mm
Source: CMA⁹⁴

Cultural Heritage

Historical Landmarks

Nanjing boasts numerous significant historical sites, including the Presidential Palace, the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, and the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, a UNESCO World Heritage site.⁴⁶ The city is renowned for its scenic mountains and waters, such as Fuzimiao (Confucius Temple) area along the Qinhuai River, Ming Palace ruins, Chaotian Palace, Drum Tower, Stone City, and Xuanwu Lake.⁴⁶

Cultural Institutions

Key cultural facilities enhance Nanjing's vibrant atmosphere. These include the Nanjing Library, the Nanjing Museum, and the Jiangsu Art Museum, providing residents and visitors access to extensive collections and exhibitions.⁴⁶ The city's cultural landscape is further enriched by its status as a major center for education and research.

Artistic Legacy

Nanjing's artistic heritage is evident in surviving structures like the spirit ways of Southern Dynasty mausoleums, particularly the ensemble at Xiao Xiu's tomb.⁴⁷⁴⁸ The city's history is also captured in famous artworks, such as Gu Hongzhong's 10th-century painting "Night Revels of Han Xizai," which depicts a banquet scene in the Yuhuatai District.⁴⁹

Economic Powerhouse

GDP and Growth

Nanjing's economy is substantial, with a city GDP of approximately 1.850 trillion RMB (US$260 billion).² The per capita GDP stands at around 198,046 RMB (US$27,809), reflecting its significant economic output and development.² The city is recognized as a Beta (second-tier global) city and ranks highly in global financial centers.¹¹

Industrial Base

Historically a center for the textile industry, Nanjing has diversified its economic base. It possesses rich mineral resources, including significant reserves of iron and sulfur.⁹⁹ The city also benefits from abundant water resources from the Yangtze River and has notable natural hot springs.⁹⁹

Governance Structure

Administrative Framework

Nanjing operates as a sub-provincial city within China's administrative framework.⁸ This status grants it considerable jurisdictional and economic autonomy. The city is governed by the Nanjing Municipal People's Congress, with key leadership roles including the Party Secretary, Congress Chairman, and Mayor.^edit^edit^edit^edit^edit

Names and Nomenclature

Etymology

The name "Nanjing" (南京), meaning "Southern Capital," originated informally in the 6th century.²⁹ It became formalized during the Ming Dynasty when the capital was established there, contrasting with Beijing ("Northern Capital").³¹ The city has held numerous names throughout its history, reflecting its changing political status and regional influences.

Historical Designations

Notable historical names include Jinling (金陵), Jianye (建業), Jiankang (建康), Moling (秣陵), and Tianjing (天京) during the Taiping Rebellion.³⁰ The romanization "Nanking" was common in foreign sources for centuries, derived from the city's historical prestige dialect.³³³⁴

Nanjing

"Nanjing" in Chinese characters

Chinese

南京

Postal

Nanking

Literal meaning

"Southern Capital"

Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Nánjīng
Bopomofo	ㄋㄢˊㄐㄧㄥ
Wade–Giles	Nan²-ching¹
Tongyong Pinyin	Nánjīng
IPA	[nǎn.t͡ɕiŋ]
Wu
Romanization	noe^平cin^平
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization	Nàhmgīng
Jyutping	naam4 ging1
IPA	[nam̚˥˩ kɪŋ˥˥]
Southern Min
Hokkien POJ	Lâm-kiaⁿ (col.) Lâm-king (lit.)
Tâi-lô	Lâm-kiann (col.) Lâm-king (lit.)

Teacher's Corner

Edit and Print this course in the Wiki2Web Teacher Studio

Edit and Print Materials from this study in the wiki2web studio

Click here to open the "Nanjing" Wiki2Web Studio curriculum kit

Use the free Wiki2web Studio to generate printable flashcards, worksheets, exams, and export your materials as a web page or an interactive game.

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Are you ready for the Wiki2Web Clarity Challenge?

Learn about nanjing while playing the wiki2web Clarity Challenge game.

Unlock the mystery image and prove your knowledge by earning trophies. This simple game is addictively fun and is a great way to learn!

Play now

Explore More Topics

Discover other topics to study!

silver age of russian poetry

middle east and north africa

devil's island

r ío piedras massacre

alexandre de laborde

circular error probable

References

ãåé½ç¹æåã.

Pelissier, Roger. THE AWAKENING OF CHINA: 1793â1949. Edited and Translated by Martin Kieffer. New York: Putnam, 1967. p. 109

Dennerline 2002, p. 87 (which calls this edict "the most untimely promulgation of [Dorgon's] career."

Ho Ping-ti. STUDIES ON THE POPULATION OF CHINA, 1368â1953. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1959. p. 237

Levathes, Louise. When China Ruled The Seas: The Treasure Fleet of the Dragon Throne 1405â1433, p. 172. Oxford Univ. Press (New York), 1996.

A full list of references for this article are available at the Nanjing Wikipedia page

Feedback & Support

To report an issue with this page, or to find out ways to support the mission, please click here.

Disclaimer

Important Notice

This page was generated by an Artificial Intelligence and is intended for informational and educational purposes only. The content is based on publicly available data and may not be entirely accurate, complete, or up-to-date.

This is not professional advice. The information provided on this website is not a substitute for historical research, geographical analysis, or cultural consultation. Always refer to primary sources and consult with qualified experts for specific needs.

The creators of this page are not responsible for any errors or omissions, or for any actions taken based on the information provided herein.

Nanjing: Echoes of Empires, Crucible of Modernity

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

Nanjing: An Overview 📍

🏛️ Historical Significance

🏙️ Administrative Status

🎓 Academic Hub

A Journey Through Time ⏳

🏺 Ancient Roots

👑 Capital of Dynasties

⚔️ Turbulent Centuries

Geographical Context 🌍

🏞️ Location and Topography

🗺️ Regional Connections

Climate Profile 🌦️

🌡️ Seasonal Characteristics

📊 Climate Data

Cultural Heritage 🎨

🏛️ Historical Landmarks

📚 Cultural Institutions

📜 Artistic Legacy

Economic Powerhouse 💰

📈 GDP and Growth

🏭 Industrial Base

Governance Structure ⚖️

🏢 Administrative Framework

Names and Nomenclature 🏷️

📜 Etymology

🗣️ Historical Designations

Teacher's Corner 🧑‍🏫

Edit and Print this course in the Wiki2Web Teacher Studio

True or False? 🤔

❓ Test Your Knowledge! ❓

Gamer's Corner 🎮

Are you ready for the Wiki2Web Clarity Challenge?

Explore More Topics

📜 Discover other topics to study!

References

📜 References

Feedback & Support 👍

To report an issue with this page, or to find out ways to support the mission, please click here.

Disclaimer ⚠️

📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Nanjing: An Overview

Historical Significance

Administrative Status

Academic Hub

A Journey Through Time

Ancient Roots

Capital of Dynasties

Turbulent Centuries

Geographical Context

Location and Topography

Regional Connections

Climate Profile

Seasonal Characteristics

Climate Data

Cultural Heritage

Historical Landmarks

Cultural Institutions

Artistic Legacy

Economic Powerhouse

GDP and Growth

Industrial Base

Governance Structure

Administrative Framework

Names and Nomenclature

Etymology

Historical Designations

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice