Coastal Chronicles: New Smyrna Beach
An academic exploration of Florida's 'Secret Pearl' and its rich tapestry of history, nature, and community.
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City Overview
Location and Identity
New Smyrna Beach, a city nestled in Volusia County, Florida, graces the central east coast of the state, with its eastern boundary defined by the Atlantic Ocean. The city's core lies on the western bank of the Indian River and the Indian River Lagoon system. A notable feature is the Coronado Beach Bridge, which spans the Intracoastal Waterway just south of Ponce de Leon Inlet, effectively linking the mainland to the barrier island's beachside community. The city proudly bears the nickname "Florida's Secret Pearl" and its Latin motto, Cygnus Inter Anates, translates to "a swan among ducks," reflecting its distinctive character.[1]
Recreation and Recognition
The region surrounding New Smyrna Beach is a haven for outdoor enthusiasts, offering a diverse array of recreational pursuits. These include fishing, sailing, motorboating, golfing, and hiking. Water sports are particularly popular, with opportunities for swimming, scuba diving, kitesurfing, and surfing. The city's reputation as a premier surfing destination is well-established, having been ranked number nine on Surfer Magazine's "best surf towns" list in 2009 and recognized as one of the "world's top 20 surf towns" by National Geographic in 2012.[8][9]
The "Fun Coast" Connection
New Smyrna Beach is situated within Florida's "Fun Coast" region, a designation coined by the Daytona Beach/Halifax area Chamber of Commerce. This regional identity is further reinforced by the local area code, 386, which conveniently spells "FUN" on touchtone phones, adding a playful dimension to the city's appeal. This blend of natural beauty, recreational opportunities, and a welcoming atmosphere contributes to its unique allure.[11]
Historical Trajectories
Colonial Foundations (1768)
The European settlement of the area began in 1768 with Dr. Andrew Turnbull, a Scottish physician and associate of James Grant, the governor of British East Florida. Turnbull established the colony of New Smyrna, naming it in homage to his wife, Gracia Dura Bin (also known as Maria Gracia Rubini), whose father was a Greek merchant from Smyrna (modern Izmir, Turkey). This ambitious undertaking marked an unprecedented attempt to settle such a large number of people in a North American town at one time.[12][13][16]
Colony's Decline and Relocation
Turnbull's vision involved recruiting approximately 1,300 settlers, primarily from Menorca (historically Minorca), one of Spain's Balearic Islands, who brought with them Catalan culture and language. These colonists were intended to cultivate hemp, sugarcane, and indigo, and to produce rum. Despite initial success in indigo production, the colony faced severe challenges, including significant losses from insect-borne diseases, raids by indigenous populations, and growing discontent due to mistreatment by Turnbull and his overseers.[17][18][19] The surviving 600 colonists eventually migrated nearly 70 miles north along the King's Road to St. Augustine, where their descendants reside today.[21][22] In 1783, East and West Florida reverted to Spanish control, leading Turnbull to abandon his colonial venture and retire to Charleston, South Carolina.[23]
Conflict and Growth
The 19th century saw Central Florida remain sparsely populated by white settlers, frequently subjected to raids by Seminole Indians defending their ancestral lands. The Seminole Wars involved United States troops, though the Seminoles were never fully dislodged. During the American Civil War, New Smyrna experienced conflict, including a skirmish on March 23, 1862, where the 3rd Florida Infantry Regiment repelled a U.S. naval landing, and the shelling of the "Stone Wharf" by Union gunboats in 1863.[28][29] The town of New Smyrna was incorporated in 1887 with a population of 150. The arrival of Henry Flagler's Florida East Coast Railway in 1892 spurred rapid population growth, transforming the economy with the addition of tourism to its established citrus and commercial fishing industries.
Evolution and Identity
The Prohibition era of the 1920s saw New Smyrna and its river islands become notorious for moonshine stills and as a hub for rum runners operating from the Bahamas via Mosquito Inlet (now Ponce de León Inlet). In 1947, the city officially became "New Smyrna Beach" following the annexation of the seaside community of Coronado Beach, evolving into a resort town with over 20,000 permanent residents. Throughout its history, New Smyrna, much like St. Augustine, has been under four distinct "flags": British, Spanish, United States (post-1821 Adams–Onís Treaty), and the Confederate Jack during the Civil War, before returning to U.S. rule in 1865.[23]
Geographic Footprint
Dimensions and Waterways
New Smyrna Beach is geographically positioned at 29°01′33″N 80°55′37″W. The city encompasses a total area of 41.349 square miles (107.09 km2), with land accounting for 37.842 square miles (98.01 km2) and water covering 3.507 square miles (9.08 km2), representing approximately 9.09% of its total area.[3] The city's eastern boundary is the Atlantic Ocean, and it is traversed by the Indian River, a vital part of the Indian River Lagoon system.
Regional Connections
The city shares its borders with several neighboring communities and natural preserves. To the northwest, it is adjacent to Port Orange, while unincorporated Volusia County lies to its north. To the west, it borders the census-designated place of Samsula-Spruce Creek. South of New Smyrna Beach are the cities of Edgewater and Bethune Beach, as well as the Canaveral National Seashore. Major transportation arteries, including Interstate 95, U.S. Route 1, and State Road 44, provide crucial connectivity to other parts of Florida, facilitating regional access and commerce.
Climatic Profile
Humid Subtropical Environment
New Smyrna Beach, characteristic of Florida north of Lake Okeechobee, experiences a humid subtropical climate (Koppen Cfa). This climate is defined by hot, humid summers and warm, predominantly dry winters. The region's rainy season extends from May through October, while the dry season spans from November to April. The city typically records only about two freezes annually, allowing for the flourishing of numerous subtropical plant species and palms. Historically, snowfall has been an exceedingly rare event, occurring only three times in the city's 250-year history.[30][31]
Seasonal Weather Phenomena
Summers in New Smyrna Beach are prolonged and intensely hot, frequently punctuated by severe afternoon thunderstorms, a common occurrence in central Florida, which is recognized as the lightning capital of North America.[30] Winters, in contrast, are generally pleasant, marked by abundant sunshine and dry conditions. However, the region is susceptible to hurricanes from June to November, though direct landfalls are infrequent. Notable hurricane impacts include Charley in August 2004, which caused extensive damage to the beachside and toppled historic oak trees,[32] Ian in 2022, leading to widespread flood damage and one fatality,[33] and Milton in 2024, which resulted in power outages for nearly 90% of local customers and further flooding.[34]
Climate Averages (1991–2020)
A summary of key climate data for New Smyrna Beach reveals the typical conditions experienced throughout the year:
| Month | Avg. High (°F) | Avg. Low (°F) | Avg. Precip. (in) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 68.1 | 51.9 | 2.76 |
| Jul | 88.4 | 74.7 | 6.06 |
| Dec | 71.4 | 54.2 | 2.32 |
The record high temperature reached 101°F (38°C) in June, while the record low was 23°F (-5°C) in December, highlighting the range of thermal conditions.[35][36]
Demographic Evolution
Population Growth
New Smyrna Beach has experienced significant population growth since its early days. From a modest 119 residents in 1880, the population steadily increased, reaching 20,048 by the 2000 census. The 2020 census recorded a population of 30,142, with a 2023 estimate suggesting further growth to 32,655 residents.[5][6] The city's population density in 2020 was 798.7 inhabitants per square mile (308.4/km2).
Socio-Economic Landscape (2020)
In 2020, New Smyrna Beach comprised 14,796 households and 8,544 families. The racial composition was predominantly White (87.4%), with African American residents constituting 4.0%, Asian residents 1.2%, and individuals identifying with two or more races at 5.8%. Hispanic or Latino individuals of any race accounted for 4.9% of the population.[41][42] The median household income was reported at $73,096, and the per capita income for the city stood at $50,902. These figures reflect a dynamic and evolving community profile.
Age and Household Dynamics (2010)
The 2010 census provided a detailed snapshot of the city's population structure. The median age was 54.3 years, indicating an older demographic. The population distribution included 13.9% under 18, 3.6% aged 20 to 24, 17.9% aged 25 to 44, 31.3% aged 45 to 64, and 31.6% aged 65 or older. Of the 11,074 households, 14.8% included children under 18, 44.1% were married couples, 9.4% were female householders without a husband, and 42.9% were non-family households. Approximately 35.3% of all households consisted of individuals, with 18.2% being individuals aged 65 or older living alone. The median household income was $49,625, and the per capita income was $31,013, with 13.0% of the population living below the poverty line.[39]
Educational Landscape
Public School System
All public education services within New Smyrna Beach are administered by Volusia County Schools, ensuring a standardized curriculum and educational framework across the district. The city is served by a comprehensive range of public schools catering to various age groups.
Diverse Educational Options
Beyond the traditional public school system, New Smyrna Beach offers alternative educational pathways, including a charter school and a private institution, providing families with varied choices for their children's learning environments.
Higher Learning
For post-secondary education, New Smyrna Beach hosts a campus of Daytona State College. This institution provides local access to a range of academic programs and vocational training, serving the higher education needs of the community and contributing to regional workforce development.
Cultural Vibrancy
Arts and Creativity
New Smyrna Beach has earned recognition as one of "America's Top Small Cities for the Arts," a testament to its thriving cultural scene.[43] The city is home to several significant artistic institutions, including the Atlantic Center for the Arts, which serves as an artists-in-residence community and an educational facility. Other cultural venues include the Harris House, the Little Theatre, and Arts on Douglas, a gallery dedicated to fine arts, all contributing to a rich and accessible artistic environment.
Unique Urban Wildlife
A distinctive and popular cultural element of New Smyrna Beach is the presence of roosters freely roaming Flagler Avenue, the city's main thoroughfare. These birds are believed to be the descendants of roosters abandoned by local residents, as city regulations typically permit only hens for personal keeping. This "rooster gang" has become an endearing and quirky attraction for both tourists and locals, adding to the city's unique charm and character.[44]
Motorsports Heritage
The New Smyrna Speedway, a half-mile paved racetrack established in 1967, represents another facet of the city's cultural and recreational offerings. This venue is a significant site for motorsports, hosting various racing series including the ARCA Menards Series East, NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour, Southern Super Series, and the World Series of Asphalt Stock Car Racing. It draws racing enthusiasts and contributes to the local entertainment landscape.
Coastal Dynamics
Shark Encounters
New Smyrna Beach holds the "dubious distinction" of being known as the "shark attack capital of the world," particularly within Volusia County, according to the International Shark Attack File maintained by the University of Florida.[10] In 2007, Volusia County recorded more confirmed shark bites than any other global region, a trend that continued in 2008 with a record 24 bites.[45][47] While incidents can be frequent, very few shark bites in the area are fatal.[51] Recent events include three separate attacks on surfers within a few hours on September 18, 2016, and three more attacks on two men and a 14-year-old boy in July 2024, all within a single week.[50][52]
Surfing Prowess
Despite the notable shark activity, New Smyrna Beach remains a highly regarded destination for surfing. Its consistent waves and favorable conditions have garnered international recognition, solidifying its status among the world's top surf towns. This vibrant surfing culture attracts both amateur and professional surfers, contributing significantly to the city's recreational identity and drawing visitors from around the globe. The dynamic interplay between its natural coastal environment and human interaction defines this unique aspect of New Smyrna Beach.
Civic Governance
Commission-Manager Model
The City of New Smyrna Beach operates under a commission-manager form of government. This structure combines the strong political leadership of elected officials in the form of a city commission with the strong managerial expertise of an appointed city manager. This system is designed to provide both democratic accountability and efficient administration of city services.[53]
Elected Leadership
The city's political leadership consists of a mayor and a city commission. The mayor, Fred Cleveland, is elected independently citywide through non-partisan elections for a two-year term.[54] The city commission comprises four members, each representing a specific district, who are also elected in non-partisan elections for four-year terms. Key current commissioners include Valli Perrine (District 1), Lisa Martin (District 2), Jason McGuirk (District 3), and Brian Ashley (District 4). The day-to-day operations are overseen by City Manager Khalid Resheidat and City Clerk Kelly McQuillen.[2][55][56][57][58]
Notable Figures
Arts and Literature
New Smyrna Beach has been home to individuals who have made significant contributions to the arts and literature. Joseph Barbara, an actor, is best known for his role in the soap opera Another World. Walter M. Miller, Jr., an acclaimed author, penned the classic science fiction novel A Canticle for Liebowitz. Jack Mitchell was a renowned photographer and author, celebrated for his iconic images of dance and artists. Jacob Winchester is a New York Times Critic's Pick award-winning composer, producer, writer, and director.[60] The Beu Sisters were notable music recording artists, and Vera Tolstoy, a Russian-American émigré and broadcaster, was the granddaughter of the celebrated novelist Leo Tolstoy.[59]
Sports and Athletics
The city has also produced a number of accomplished athletes across various sports. Dallas Baker, an alumnus of the University of Florida, went on to become a professional football wide receiver and is currently an assistant football coach for the Buffalo Bulls. Perry Baker is a professional rugby player who represents the United States national rugby sevens team. Laura Brown is a former American college and professional golfer. Wes Chandler, another University of Florida alumnus, enjoyed an 11-season career as a professional football player in the NFL during the 1970s and 1980s. Eric Geiselman and Evan Geiselman are both professional surfers, with Eric being part of the World Surf League.[61][62] Chris Isaac was a quarterback for the Ottawa Rough Riders in the CFL. Raheem Mostert is a running back and kickoff returner for the Miami Dolphins in the NFL. Duffy Waldorf is a professional golfer, a former PGA Tour member who now plays on the Champions Tour. In stock car racing, Preston Pardus and Jim Parsley are notable drivers.
Public Service and Activism
New Smyrna Beach has also contributed to the political and public service spheres. Emory L. Bennett was a United States Army soldier in the Korean War and a Medal of Honor recipient. Joyce Cusack served as a Florida politician and is a retired registered nurse. Suzanne Kosmas is a former U.S. Representative for Florida's 24th congressional district. Jimmy McMillan is a political activist, perennial candidate, Vietnam War veteran, and the founder of the "Rent is Too Damn High" political party. Cory Mills currently serves as a U.S. Representative for Florida's 7th congressional district.
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References
References
- U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: New Smyrna Beach, Florida
- Roger Grange, "Saving Eighteenth-Century New Smyrna: Public Archaeology in Action." Present Pasts vol 3 #1 (2011). online
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