What is the North–South Expressway in Malaysia, and what is its primary function?

The North–South Expressway is a network of tolled, controlled-access highways located along the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Its primary function is to serve as an important thoroughfare for local, interstate, and international traffic, connecting the borders of Thailand and Singapore.

What are the two main routes that comprise the North–South Expressway, and what is their total length?

The North–South Expressway is divided into two main routes: the northern route (E1) and the southern route (E2). These two routes have a combined total length of 772 kilometers (480 miles).

Which international highway network is the North–South Expressway a part of?

The North–South Expressway is part of route AH2, which is a designation within the larger Asian Highway Network. This network is a cooperative project among countries in Asia and Europe to improve highway systems in the region.

When was the concept for the North–South Expressway first introduced, and what was the main reason behind its proposal?

The concept for the expressways was first conceived in 1977. The main reason for its proposal was the increasing congestion on Federal Route 1, which was the primary north-south thoroughfare at that time.

What challenges did the initial construction plans for the North–South Expressway face, and when did construction eventually begin?

Initial plans for the highway faced challenges due to economic uncertainties and the high cost of the project, leading to a lack of willing constructors for privatization. Construction eventually began in 1981 after Mahathir Mohamad became Prime Minister and revived the project.

When was the North–South Expressway finally completed and officially opened?

The expressways were finally completed in February 1994, 15 months ahead of schedule, and were officially opened on September 8, 1994, by the Malaysian Prime Minister, Mahathir Mohamad.

Who is responsible for maintaining the North–South Expressway?

The North–South Expressway is maintained by PLUS Expressways, a major highway concessionaire in Malaysia.

What is the total length of the North–South Expressway Northern Route (E1) and Southern Route (E2) individually?

The North–South Expressway Northern Route (E1) is 460 kilometers (286 miles) long, while the Southern Route (E2) is 312 kilometers (194 miles) long.

What are the major cities connected by the North–South Expressway?

The major cities connected by the North–South Expressway include Alor Setar, Seberang Perai, Ipoh, Greater Kuala Lumpur, Seremban, and Johor Bahru.

How are the E1 and E2 expressways linked together in the North–South Expressway network?

The E1 (northern) and E2 (southern) expressways are linked together via the North–South Expressway Central Link, which is designated as E6.

What design standards were generally followed for the construction of the North–South Expressway, and what was an exception?

Most of the expressway was constructed according to JKR R6 design standards, which define a controlled-access expressway with a design speed limit of 120 km/h and a lane width of 3.5 meters. However, the Jitra–Bukit Kayu Hitam section was an exception, as it was built before the *Arahan Teknik 8/86* guidelines were published in 1986 and was thus 'grandfathered' into the E1 expressway.

What role did the Malaysian Highway Authority (LLM) play in the early stages of the expressway's construction?

The Malaysian Highway Authority (LLM) was established on October 24, 1980, to supervise and execute the design, construction, regulation, operation, and maintenance of inter-urban highways, including the collection of tolls. LLM solely administered all construction works for the expressway between 1982 and 1988.

Which company took over the construction, operation, and maintenance of the North–South Expressway from LLM?

Projek Lebuhraya Utara-Selatan Berhad (PLUS), formed from Highway Concessionaires Berhad, took over the construction, operation, and maintenance jobs of the North–South Expressway from LLM starting in March 1998.

What was the first completed section of the North–South Expressway project, and what toll system did it implement?

The Kuala Lumpur–Seremban Expressway, opened on June 16, 1982, was the first completed section of the North–South Expressway project. It was also the first expressway to implement the ticket system, which is a closed toll system where users pay based on the distance traveled.

Why was the Skudai Highway FT1 deemed unsuitable to become a permanent part of the North–South Expressway E2, and what happened to its toll collection?

The Skudai Highway FT1 was deemed unsuitable due to the extensive urbanization of Johor Bahru, which meant it was not a controlled-access highway. The toll collection at the Senai toll plaza was abolished on March 1, 2004, due to public demand for a toll-free alternative, and the highway was subsequently maintained by the Malaysian Public Works Department. The Johor Causeway toll plaza remained operational until 2008.

What significant change occurred regarding the Ipoh North (Jelapang) and Ipoh South toll plazas in 2009?

In 2009, the Jelapang and Ipoh South toll plazas were demolished to create a non-stop route across Ipoh. This was achieved by constructing two local-express lanes for each side, with toll plazas relocated to the ends of these lanes. This change was made to address numerous accidents caused by brake failure in heavy vehicles descending to the old Jelapang toll plaza.

What improvements were made to certain stretches of the expressway between 2012 and 2015?

Between October 2012 and 2015, a fourth lane was added to specific stretches of the highway, including Shah Alam to Jalan Duta, Shah Alam to Rawang, and Nilai (North) to Port Dickson, to improve traffic flow.

When did the North–South Expressway complete its RFID Tag network, and what was the outcome?

The North–South Expressway completed its RFID Tag MyRFID network on December 16, 2021. This made all tolled roads on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia equipped with MyRFID toll booths, facilitating electronic toll collection.

What is the general number of lanes on the North–South Expressway, and what are some exceptions?

Generally, the expressway consists of four lanes, with two lanes for each direction. However, there are exceptions where certain stretches have been widened to six or eight lanes (three or four lanes each way) to accommodate higher traffic volumes.

Which sections of the North–South Expressway southern route have six lanes?

The North–South Expressway southern route has six lanes from Sungai Besi to Ayer Keroh, with the exception of the Nilai North to Port Dickson stretches.

Which sections of the New Klang Valley Expressway (NKVE) have eight lanes?

The New Klang Valley Expressway has eight lanes on the stretch from Shah Alam to Jalan Duta.

What is the default speed limit on the North–South Expressway, and why are there exceptions?

The default speed limit on the North–South Expressway is 110 km/h (68 mph), as it is designed as a high-speed, long-distance expressway. Exceptions with lower speed limits are in place for various reasons, such as controlling traffic flow before toll plazas, managing at-grade junctions, handling heavy traffic, navigating dangerous corners on highland stretches, or addressing steep uphill/downhill sections.

What is the speed limit 1 km before every toll plaza on the expressway, and why?

The speed limit 1 km before every toll plaza on the expressway is 60 km/h. This lower limit is implemented to help traffic slow down safely before reaching the toll booths.

What are the speed limits on the Kuala Kangsar–Jelapang stretch and the Gua Tempurung stretch, and what is the reason for these limits?

Both the Kuala Kangsar–Jelapang stretch and the Gua Tempurung stretch have a speed limit of 80 km/h and 90 km/h respectively. These lower limits are due to them being highland roads with dangerous corners, requiring reduced speeds for safety.

Describe the toll system used on the North–South Expressway.

The North–South Expressway is a toll expressway that has been fully electronic since April 26, 2017, meaning cash is no longer accepted. Payments are made using the Touch 'n Go electronic payment system, which includes Touch 'n Go cards, PLUSMiles cards, SmartTAG, and Touch 'n Go RFID.

Explain the 'ticket system' or 'closed system' of toll collection on the North–South Expressway.

The ticket system, also known as the closed system, is used for the majority of the North–South Expressway. Under this system, users enter the expressway via an entry toll plaza where their entry is recorded, and they pay a distance-based toll at their exit toll plaza. It requires using the same electronic payment method for both entry and exit, ensuring accurate calculation of the toll based on the distance traveled.

Which specific sections of the North–South Expressway are covered under the closed toll system?

The closed toll system covers the sections from Hutan Kampung (Kedah) to Sungai Dua, Butterworth (Penang) on the northern route, and from Juru (Penang) to Bukit Lanjan (Selangor) on the northern route, continuing onto the New Klang Valley Expressway. It also covers the southern route from Sungai Besi (Selangor) to Skudai (Johor).

Why is the section between Sungai Dua and Juru on the North–South Expressway toll-free?

The section between Sungai Dua and Juru is toll-free due to its heavy usage by local commuters who need to access the Penang Bridge. This exemption helps manage local traffic flow and accessibility.

How does the 'barrier system' or 'open system' of toll collection work on the North–South Expressway, and where is it implemented?

The barrier system, or open system, requires users to pay a fixed rate based on their vehicle type when passing through a specific toll plaza, regardless of the distance traveled on that section. This system is implemented at two toll plazas: Jitra (Kedah) on the northern route and Kempas (Johor) on the southern route.

What is notable about the North–South Expressway in terms of its length and type of highway in Malaysia?

The North–South Expressway holds the record as Malaysia's first long-distance expressway and is also the country's longest expressway.

What is the Menora Tunnel, and what was its significance at the time of its construction?

The Menora Tunnel is an 800-meter (2,600 ft) tunnel located on the North–South Expressway northern route near Jelapang. At the time of its construction, it was Malaysia's longest highway tunnel.

Where is the largest toll plaza in Malaysia located, and how many lanes does it have?

The largest toll plaza in Malaysia is the Bandar Cassia-PLUS Toll Plaza (Gateway Arch Toll Plaza) on the Penang Second Bridge (E28), which features over 28 lanes, not including additional motorcycle toll plazas.

What is the longest bridge along the North–South Expressway?

The longest bridge along the expressway is the Sungai Perak Bridge (Jambatan Sultan Azlan Shah), which has a length of 300 meters (980 feet).

Which was the first rest and service area to open on the North–South Expressway?

The Ayer Keroh Rest and Service Area, located on the North–South Expressway southern route, was the first rest and service area to open on the expressway in 1987.

What unique feature does the North–South Expressway offer in terms of roadside facilities?

The North–South Expressway is the first expressway in Malaysia to provide overhead bridge restaurants, allowing travelers to dine above the highway.

Which section of the expressway was the most expensive to construct, and what was the primary reason for its high cost?

The Gopeng–Tapah section was the most expensive section of the expressway, costing RM200 million, which averaged RM20 million per kilometer. The major contributor to this escalating cost was embankment strengthening due to the terrain.

What is the longest continuous stretch of the North–South Expressway network?

The longest continuous stretch of the North–South Expressway network is the Pagoh–Yong Peng (North) section, spanning 47 kilometers and passing through Mount Maokil and the plains of Seri Medan and Sungai Sarang Buaya.

What is the PLUS Speedway, and where is it located?

The PLUS Speedway, formerly known as ELITE Speedway, is the first highway go-kart circuit in Malaysia. It is located at the USJ Rest and Service Area on the North–South Expressway Central Link.

What percentage of the Malaysian part of the Asian Highway Network does the North–South Expressway form?

The North–South Expressway forms 80% of the Malaysian part of the Asian Highway Network, specifically Asian Highway Network 2 (AH2).

What is the significance of the Nilai Memorial Park in relation to the expressway?

The Nilai Memorial Park, located near the Nilai Layby on the North–South Expressway southern route, is the first public memorial park situated along a closed tolled expressway in Malaysia.

What unique cultural feature can be found at the Ayer Keroh Overhead Bridge Restaurant?

The Ayer Keroh Overhead Bridge Restaurant (OBR) houses the PLUS Art Gallery, making it the first highway art gallery in Malaysia.

What is PLUSMiles, and what is its distinction in the Malaysian expressway system?

PLUSMiles is a toll rebate loyalty program offered by PLUS Expressways. It is notable as the first and only such program in the Malaysian expressways, rewarding frequent users.

What is the longest closed toll collection system coverage in Malaysia?

The longest closed toll collection system coverage in Malaysia extends from the Juru toll plaza to the Skudai toll plaza. This system integrates the North–South Expressway northern route (E1), New Klang Valley Expressway (E1), North–South Expressway Central Link (E6), and North–South Expressway southern route (E2).

What unique safety feature does the North–South Expressway northern route (E1) possess near Jelapang, Ipoh?

The North–South Expressway northern route (E1) is the only expressway in Malaysia to have a runaway truck ramp, located near Jelapang, Ipoh. This safety feature is designed to stop heavy vehicles that have lost braking capability on steep descents.

What measures have been taken to reduce accidents on the North–South Expressway, particularly concerning heavy vehicles?

To reduce accidents, especially those involving heavy vehicles which are legally restricted to 80–90 km/h, the expressway is being widened. Two-lane sections are being upgraded to three or four lanes to improve traffic flow and enhance safety.

When were commemorative postage stamps issued for the North–South Expressway, and what were their denominations?

Pos Malaysia issued commemorative postage stamps to mark the opening of the North–South Expressway on September 10, 1994. The denominations for these stamps were 30 sen, 50 sen, and RM1.00.

What is contained within the capsule placed at the North–South Expressway Monument, and when is it scheduled to be released?

The capsule placed at the North–South Expressway Monument contains documents cultivated by Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohammad, commemorating the official opening of the expressway. It is scheduled to be released after the concession of the North–South Expressway by PLUS Expressways expires on December 31, 2038.

What is the significance of the North–South Expressway Monument's inscription?

The monument's inscription, in Malay and translated to English, symbolizes the successful construction of the expressway, connecting Bukit Kayu Hitam to Johor Bahru. It highlights the impressive achievement of building across diverse terrains and acknowledges the pragmatic collaboration between public and private sectors (Malaysian Highway Authority and PLUS) in overcoming challenges and contributing to national development.

Malaysia's Grand Artery

A scholarly exploration of the North–South Expressway, an engineering marvel connecting Peninsular Malaysia from Thailand to Singapore.

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Overview

A National Lifeline

The North–South Expressway (NSE) represents a critical network of tolled, controlled-access highways traversing the western corridor of Peninsular Malaysia. This extensive infrastructure project, comprising both northern (E1) and southern (E2) routes, spans an impressive total length of 772 kilometers (480 miles). It serves as a vital artery, facilitating local, interstate, and international traffic flow, connecting the borders of Thailand in the north to Singapore in the south. The expressway is also recognized as a segment of the broader Asian Highway Network, specifically designated as AH2.^[3]

Design and Structure

The NSE is meticulously engineered, with most sections adhering to the Malaysian Public Works Department's (JKR) R6 design standards. These standards mandate a design speed limit of 120 km/h and a lane width of 3.5 meters, ensuring high-speed, efficient travel. However, certain segments, such as the Jitra–Bukit Kayu Hitam stretch, were constructed prior to the formalization of the Arahan Teknik 8/86: A Guide on Geometric Design of Roads in 1986. Consequently, these earlier sections, while integrated into the E1 expressway, were "grandfathered" and do not fully conform to the later R6 specifications, featuring partial access control and at-grade intersections.^[6]

Interconnected Routes

The NSE is strategically divided into two primary components: the Northern Route (E1) and the Southern Route (E2). Both routes run largely parallel to the older Federal Route 1, which was the main north-south thoroughfare before the expressway's construction. The E1 and E2 are seamlessly linked by the North–South Expressway Central Link (E6), creating a cohesive and efficient national transportation backbone. While the Southern Route (E2) concludes at the Selangor–Kuala Lumpur border, the Northern Route (E1) extends to Bukit Lanjan, from where it transitions into the New Klang Valley Expressway, also designated as E1, to provide access into Kuala Lumpur.^[4]^[5]

History

Conception and Early Challenges

The genesis of the North–South Expressway can be traced back to 1977, driven by the escalating traffic congestion on Federal Route 1. The government proposed a new divided highway to alleviate this pressure.^[1] However, the ambitious project faced significant hurdles due to the substantial costs and prevailing economic uncertainties, leading to a reluctance among private constructors to undertake the initiative.^[1]^[6] It was not until 1981, under the leadership of Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad, that the project was revitalized and officially launched.^[1]

Phased Construction and Privatization

The Malaysian Highway Authority (LLM) was established in 1980 to oversee the expressway's development.^[7] Initial construction phases, from 1982 to 1988, were managed by LLM, with sections progressively opened to traffic to generate revenue for ongoing works. Notable early completions included the Kuala Lumpur–Seremban Expressway (1982), which introduced the ticket-based closed toll system,^[8] and the Jitra–Bukit Kayu Hitam section (1985). The Seberang Jaya–Perai section, part of the Penang Bridge project, also opened in 1985.^[9]

Despite these efforts, progress was slow, with only about 350 km completed by 1986, exacerbated by a national economic downturn.^[1] This led to a pivotal decision to privatize the project. In 1988, United Engineers (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. (now UEM Group) was awarded the concession, leading to the formation of Projek Lebuhraya Utara-Selatan Berhad (PLUS). PLUS assumed full responsibility for construction, operation, and maintenance from March 1988, including the Skudai Highway FT1.^[14]^[15]

Completion and Legacy

Under PLUS's management, construction accelerated significantly. Key sections like Ayer Keroh–Pagoh opened in 1989,^[16] followed by the New Klang Valley Expressway (NKVE) in 1993.^[19] The entire North–South Expressway was fully completed and opened in February 1994, an impressive 15 months ahead of schedule.^[21] The official inauguration by Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad took place on September 8, 1994, at the Rawang rest area.^[2] Upon its completion, the NSE effectively superseded Federal Route 1 as the principal arterial route across Peninsular Malaysia, fundamentally transforming national connectivity and economic development.^[2]

Monuments

The NSE Monument

A significant landmark commemorating the North–South Expressway's completion stands at the Rawang Rest and Service Area (Northbound) in Selangor. Erected on September 8, 1994, this monument symbolizes the monumental achievement of constructing an expressway that links Bukit Kayu Hitam, bordering Thailand, to Johor Bahru, at the Singapore Causeway.^[22]

The monument houses a time capsule, meticulously placed by Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad, the fourth Prime Minister of Malaysia, during the expressway's official opening. This capsule is slated for retrieval and opening on December 31, 2038, coinciding with the expiry of PLUS Expressways' concession agreement for the NSE.^[22]>

Inscribed Legacy

The monument features an inscription in Malay, which, when translated into English, articulates the profound significance of the expressway:

"This monument symbolizes the pinnacle of success for the construction of the North–South Expressway that connects Bukit Kayu Hitam bordering with Thailand in the North to Johor Bahru in the Causeway bordering with Singapore in the South. The construction of the 848km expressway, across the peat swamps and forests and hill untapped granite hills, is an amazing achievement. Also impressive is the pragmatic way in which the combined efforts between the public and private sectors has resulted in this achievement. The expressways is the result of joint efforts of the Malaysian Highway Authority, a statutory body, which has been planned early and begin construction, with the Projek Lebuhraya Utara-Selatan Berhad (PLUS) (North–South Expressway Project), a private company that was awarded concessions to finance, design, construct, operate and maintain the expressways. Such efforts shows an improvement visions into a reality after across a variety of challenges that threaten to stop. It acknowledged the success of the Government and represents a national effort funded and operated successfully by Malaysians. This monument also commemorates the efforts of leaders of the Government, public services, businesses, financial institutions, consultants, engineers and consultants, as well as contractors and labours, which has played an important role in facing their challenges and bring this project to a level of success. Those who use this expressway will be expected not only to enjoy the various parties in the construction efforts, but also can even appreciate this expressway contribution towards national development."

This inscription serves as a testament to the collaborative spirit between public and private sectors, the engineering prowess, and the collective national effort that brought this transformative project to fruition.

Improvements

Lane Widening Initiatives

To enhance traffic flow and accommodate increasing vehicular volume, several sections of the North–South Expressway have undergone significant widening. Plans to upgrade stretches from Slim River to Tanjung Malim, Tanjung Malim to Rawang (Northern route), Seremban to Senawang, and Senawang to Ayer Keroh (Southern route) were approved and completed by 2007, expanding these segments to six lanes. Further expansion projects, initiated in October 2012 and completed in 2015, added a fourth lane to specific high-traffic areas, including Shah Alam to Jalan Duta, Shah Alam to Rawang, and Nilai (North) to Port Dickson.^[6]

Ipoh Traffic Flow Optimization

A notable improvement involved the demolition of the Jelapang and Ipoh South toll plazas in 2009. This strategic decision aimed to create a non-stop route through Ipoh, addressing previous accident concerns, particularly brake failures in heavy vehicles descending towards the old Jelapang toll plaza. The solution involved constructing dedicated local-express lanes, accessible via specific exits, and relocating the main toll plazas to the ends of these local-express sections. This re-engineering allows through traffic on the express lanes to bypass toll transactions within the Ipoh stretch, significantly improving safety and efficiency.^[6]

Modernization and Technology

The expressway has also seen modernization efforts beyond lane capacity. Older sodium-vapor lamp lighting is progressively being replaced with energy-efficient LED lamps, particularly in critical areas. This includes the North–South Expressway Southern Route from Sungai Besi Toll Plaza to Nilai Utara exit, most of the North–South Expressway Central Link, and hazardous sections of the Northern Route such as the Gua Tempurung stretch and Kuala Kangsar–Jelapang, which feature sharp turns and highland terrain. Furthermore, the entire North–South Expressway network on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia completed its RFID Tag (MyRFID) integration on December 16, 2021, streamlining toll collection and enhancing user convenience.^[6]

Carriageways

Standard Configuration

The North–South Expressway is predominantly designed with a four-lane configuration, featuring two lanes for each direction of travel. This standard layout is engineered to manage typical traffic volumes and maintain efficient transit across most of its extensive length. However, specific high-traffic corridors and strategically important junctions have been expanded to accommodate greater capacity and ensure smoother traffic flow, reflecting a dynamic approach to infrastructure management based on demand and operational analysis.

Six-Lane Sections

Several critical segments of the expressway have been expanded to six lanes, providing three lanes in each direction to alleviate congestion and improve throughput. These include:

North–South Expressway Southern Route: From Sungai Besi to Ayer Keroh, with the exception of the Nilai North to Port Dickson stretch.
New Klang Valley Expressway (NKVE): The section connecting Bukit Raja to Shah Alam.
North–South Expressway Northern Route: The segment between Rawang and Slim River, and the stretch from Sungai Dua to Juru in Penang.
North–South Expressway Central Link: The portion from Shah Alam to Nilai North.
Second Link Expressway: From Pulai to the Ayer Rajah Expressway in Tuas, Singapore.
Penang Bridge: The entire span from Prai to Gelugor.^[6]

Eight-Lane Sections

For areas experiencing the highest traffic density, the expressway features eight-lane carriageways, offering four lanes in each direction. These high-capacity sections are strategically located to manage peak hour volumes and major urban confluences:

North–South Expressway Southern Route: The segment from Nilai North to Port Dickson.
New Klang Valley Expressway (NKVE): The stretch connecting Shah Alam to Jalan Duta.
North–South Expressway Northern Route: The critical link between Bukit Lanjan and Rawang.^[6]

Speed

Default Speed Limit

The North–South Expressway is engineered as a high-speed, long-distance thoroughfare, with a default speed limit of 110 km/h (68 mph). This standard is applied across most of its length, reflecting its design for efficient inter-urban and interstate travel. However, to ensure safety and manage specific environmental or traffic conditions, several sections feature adjusted speed limits.

Varied Speed Zones

Specific sections of the expressway have reduced speed limits due to various factors:

Toll Plaza Approaches: A 60 km/h limit is enforced approximately 1 km before every toll plaza to facilitate safe deceleration and transaction processing.
Jitra–Bukit Kayu Hitam: This section, featuring at-grade junctions, has a 90 km/h limit.
Sungai Dua–Juru (Penang): A 90 km/h limit is imposed due to the heavy traffic volume associated with the Penang Bridge.
Kuala Kangsar–Jelapang: This highland stretch with dangerous corners has an 80 km/h limit.
Jelapang–Ipoh South: Main carriageways are limited to 90 km/h, while the toll-free local-express lanes have a 70 km/h limit to manage traffic flow between these distinct routes.
Gua Tempurung: Another highland stretch, limited to 90 km/h.
Bukit Lanjan Interchange: An 80 km/h limit is in place to control traffic flow at the complex interchange with the New Klang Valley Expressway (NKVE).
Bukit Lanjan–Jalan Duta: This section, characterized by steep uphill and downhill gradients, has a 90 km/h limit.
Sungai Besi–Bangi: A 90 km/h limit is applied due to the high traffic capacity and urban density of this corridor.^[6]

Accidents

Notable Incidents

Despite its advanced design, the North–South Expressway has unfortunately been the site of several significant accidents, highlighting the inherent risks of high-speed travel and the importance of continuous safety enhancements. These incidents underscore the need for vigilance from both drivers and infrastructure operators.

1996 Landslide: A landslide at KM303.8 near Gopeng, Perak, resulted in one fatality, leading to the abandonment of the old route section and the construction of a new one.^[23]
2007 Bus Crash: 20 people were killed in a bus crash near Changkat Jering, Perak.^[6]
2008 Family Fatality: A Singaporean family of four perished in an accident near Tangkak, Johor, leaving a two-month-old infant.^[6]
2008 Bus Crash: 10 passengers died in a bus crash at KM146.8 between Tangkak and Pagoh, Johor.^[6]
2009 Double-Decker Bus Crash: Six people were killed at KM443 near Rawang, Selangor.^[6]
2009 Double-Decker Bus Skid: Ten passengers died and two were injured when a northbound double-decker bus skidded and hit a road divider at KM272.8 near Ipoh, Perak.^[6]
2010 Multi-Vehicle Crash: Twelve people were killed and over 50 injured in a major pile-up involving two buses, three cars, and a van at KM223 near the Simpang Ampat interchange, Malacca.^[24]^[25]
2022 Student Fatalities: Five Sultan Azlan Shah University students were killed at KM246 near Kuala Kangsar in a collision involving two trailers.^[6]
2025 Four-Vehicle Collision: Five people, including a two-year-old child and a flight attendant, died, with eight others injured, in a four-vehicle crash at KM58.1 near Simpang Renggam.^[26]

Accident Reduction Measures

In response to the increasing number of fatal accidents, particularly on two-lane sections, significant measures have been implemented to enhance safety. A primary strategy involves the ongoing widening of two-lane, 110 km/h highway segments to three or even four lanes. This expansion aims to improve traffic flow and reduce the likelihood of collisions, especially involving heavy vehicles.

Furthermore, legal mandates restrict most heavy vehicles to speeds between 80-90 km/h. These combined efforts reflect a continuous commitment to improving road safety and mitigating risks on Malaysia's busiest expressway, ensuring a safer journey for all users.^[6]

Tolls

Electronic Payment System

The North–South Expressway operates as a fully electronic toll road, having ceased cash transactions since April 26, 2017. Motorists utilize a range of electronic payment methods for seamless passage, including Touch 'n Go cards, PLUSMiles Touch 'n Go cards, SmartTAG devices, and the more recent Touch 'n Go RFID system. This modernization streamlines traffic flow and enhances efficiency across the network.

Closed Toll System

The predominant tolling mechanism on the NSE is the ticket system, also known as a closed system. Under this model, users receive an entry record upon entering the expressway and pay a distance-based toll upon exiting. It is imperative that the same electronic payment method (e.g., the same Touch 'n Go card) is used for both entry and exit. The majority of the NSE operates under this system, encompassing:

Hutan Kampung (Kedah) to Sungai Dua, Butterworth (Penang) on the northern route.
Juru (Penang) to Bukit Lanjan (Selangor) on the northern route, which seamlessly integrates with the NKVE toll system.
Sungai Besi (Selangor) to Skudai (Johor) on the southern route.

Notably, the section between Sungai Dua and Juru is toll-free due to high local commuter usage, and the Jelapang (Ipoh North) to Ipoh South stretch, while part of the closed system for through traffic on express lanes, also features toll-free local-express lanes. The closed toll systems of the New Klang Valley Expressway and the North–South Expressway Central Link are fully integrated, allowing continuous travel between Juru and Skudai within a single toll system.^[6]

Open Toll System

In contrast to the closed system, certain sections of the NSE employ a barrier system, or open system, where users pay a fixed rate based on vehicle type upon passing through a toll plaza. Currently, two toll plazas utilize this open system:

Jitra (Kedah) on the northern route.
Kempas (Johor) on the southern route.^[6]

Records

Pioneering Achievements

The North–South Expressway holds several distinctions in Malaysian infrastructure development:

It is recognized as Malaysia's first long-distance expressway and remains the longest expressway in the country.
The Menora Tunnel, an 800-meter (2,600 ft) tunnel near Jelapang on the Northern Route, was once Malaysia's longest highway tunnel at the time of its construction.
The Bandar Cassia-PLUS Toll Plaza (Gateway Arch Toll Plaza) on the Penang Second Bridge E28 is the largest toll plaza in Malaysia, boasting over 28 lanes. The Sungai Besi Toll Plaza on the Southern Route E2 is the second largest with over 18 lanes.
The Sungai Perak Bridge (Jambatan Sultan Azlan Shah), spanning 300 meters (980 ft), is the longest bridge along the expressway.
The Ayer Keroh Rest and Service Area, opened in 1987 on the Southern Route, was the first rest and service area on the NSE.
The NSE was the first expressway in Malaysia to feature overhead bridge restaurants.
The Batu Tiga flyover on the North–South Expressway Central Link is the longest flyover bridge within the NSE network.
The Gopeng–Tapah section is the most expensive, costing RM200 million (an average of RM20 million per kilometer) due to extensive embankment strengthening.
The Pagoh–Yong Peng (North) section, a 47-kilometer stretch, is the longest continuous segment of the NSE network.
The PLUS Speedway (formerly ELITE Speedway) at the USJ Rest and Service Area on the North–South Expressway Central Link is Malaysia's first highway go-kart circuit.
The NSE constitutes 80% of the Malaysian portion of the Asian Highway Network, specifically AH2.
The Nilai Memorial Park near Nilai Layby on the Southern Route is Malaysia's first public memorial park located on a closed tolled expressway.
The PLUS Art Gallery at the Ayer Keroh Overhead Bridge Restaurant (OBR) is the first highway art gallery in Malaysia.
Kempas Highway (Johor State Route J3) is the only state route constructed by an expressway concessionaire company (PLUS Expressway Berhad).
The Machap Rest and Service Area (northbound) on the Southern Route E2 became Malaysia's first fully air-conditioned rest area after its renovation in mid-2008.
The Sungai Perak Rest and Service Area (southbound) on the Northern Route E1 in Perak is the first rest and service area in the Malaysian expressway system to adopt an eco-management theme, known as "The Green Trail" (Malay: "Jejak Hijau").
PLUSMiles is the first and only toll rebate loyalty program offered on Malaysian expressways.
The longest closed toll collection system coverage in Malaysia extends from Juru toll plaza to Skudai toll plaza, encompassing the Northern Route E1, New Klang Valley Expressway E1, North–South Expressway Central Link E6, and Southern Route E2.
The North–South Expressway Northern Route E1 is the sole expressway in Malaysia equipped with a runaway truck ramp, located near Jelapang, Ipoh.^[6]

Commemorate

Commemorative Stamps

To mark the historic opening of the North–South Expressway, Pos Malaysia, the national postal service, issued a series of commemorative postage stamps on September 10, 1994. These stamps, available in denominations of 30 sen, 50 sen, and RM1.00, served as a lasting tribute to this monumental infrastructure project. Such philatelic recognition underscores the national significance and pride associated with the expressway's completion, embedding its legacy within the country's cultural and historical narrative.^[27]

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References

A full list of references for this article are available at the North–South Expressway (Malaysia) Wikipedia page

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This page was generated by an Artificial Intelligence and is intended for informational and educational purposes only. The content is based on a snapshot of publicly available data from Wikipedia and may not be entirely accurate, complete, or up-to-date.

This is not professional advice. The information provided on this website is not a substitute for professional engineering, transportation planning, or policy consultation. Always refer to official government and concessionaire documentation and consult with qualified professionals for specific project needs or inquiries related to infrastructure. Never disregard professional advice because of something you have read on this website.

The creators of this page are not responsible for any errors or omissions, or for any actions taken based on the information provided herein.

Malaysia's Grand Artery

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

Overview 🗺️

🌐 A National Lifeline

📐 Design and Structure

🔗 Interconnected Routes

History 📜

genesis Conception and Early Challenges

🏗️ Phased Construction and Privatization

🏁 Completion and Legacy

Monuments 🏛️

commemorate The NSE Monument

📜 Inscribed Legacy

Improvements ⬆️

expand Lane Widening Initiatives

🚦 Ipoh Traffic Flow Optimization

💡 Modernization and Technology

Carriageways 🛣️

↔️ Standard Configuration

six Six-Lane Sections

eight Eight-Lane Sections

Speed 🏎️

💨 Default Speed Limit

slow Varied Speed Zones

Accidents ⚠️

tragic Notable Incidents

🛡️ Accident Reduction Measures

Tolls 💳

cashless Electronic Payment System

🎟️ Closed Toll System

barrier Open Toll System

Records 🏆

🥇 Pioneering Achievements

Commemorate stamp

✉️ Commemorative Stamps

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📜 References

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📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Overview

A National Lifeline

Design and Structure

Interconnected Routes

History

Conception and Early Challenges

Phased Construction and Privatization

Completion and Legacy

Monuments

The NSE Monument

Inscribed Legacy

Improvements

Lane Widening Initiatives

Ipoh Traffic Flow Optimization

Modernization and Technology

Carriageways

Standard Configuration

Six-Lane Sections

Eight-Lane Sections

Speed

Default Speed Limit

Varied Speed Zones

Accidents

Notable Incidents

Accident Reduction Measures

Tolls

Electronic Payment System

Closed Toll System

Open Toll System

Records

Pioneering Achievements

Commemorate

Commemorative Stamps

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice