Who was Sir Reginald Yorke Tyrwhitt?

Sir Reginald Yorke Tyrwhitt was a distinguished Royal Navy officer who achieved the rank of Admiral of the Fleet. He was also the 1st Baronet of Terschelling and Oxford, recognized for his significant contributions, particularly during the First World War.

When and where was Reginald Tyrwhitt born?

Reginald Tyrwhitt was born on 10 May 1870, in Oxford, Oxfordshire, England.

When did Reginald Tyrwhitt pass away and where?

Reginald Tyrwhitt died on 30 May 1951, at the age of 81, in Sandhurst, Kent, England.

What was Reginald Tyrwhitt's highest rank in the Royal Navy?

Reginald Tyrwhitt attained the highest possible rank in the Royal Navy, Admiral of the Fleet. This is a ceremonial or wartime rank, typically held by the most senior officers.

What was the total duration of Reginald Tyrwhitt's service in the Royal Navy?

Reginald Tyrwhitt served in the Royal Navy for an extensive period, from 1883 to 1945, spanning 62 years.

Who were Reginald Tyrwhitt's parents?

Reginald Tyrwhitt was the son of the Reverend Richard St John Tyrwhitt and Caroline Tyrwhitt, whose maiden name was Yorke.

When did Reginald Tyrwhitt begin his naval career and on what training ship?

Reginald Tyrwhitt commenced his naval career as a cadet on the training ship HMS Britannia on 15 July 1883. A cadet is a trainee in the armed forces, undergoing initial training to become an officer.

What was Reginald Tyrwhitt's first assignment after becoming a midshipman?

Following his promotion to midshipman on 15 December 1885, Reginald Tyrwhitt was appointed to the cruiser HMS Calypso in the Training Squadron in November 1888. A midshipman is an officer in training, typically the lowest rank of commissioned officer or a cadet in the final stages of training.

Which ships did Tyrwhitt serve on as a junior officer before becoming a commander?

As a junior officer, Tyrwhitt served on several ships, including the battleship HMS Alexandra, the cruiser HMS Calypso, the armoured cruiser HMS Australia, the battleship HMS Ajax, the training brig HMS Pilot, the light cruiser HMS Cleopatra, the despatch vessel HMS Surprise, and the cruiser HMS Indefatigable.

When was Reginald Tyrwhitt promoted to sub-lieutenant and lieutenant?

Reginald Tyrwhitt was promoted to sub-lieutenant on 14 March 1890, and subsequently to lieutenant on 25 August 1892. These promotions mark his progression through the junior officer ranks.

What was Reginald Tyrwhitt's first command as a commanding officer?

Reginald Tyrwhitt's first command as a commanding officer was the destroyer HMS Hart, which he took charge of in January 1896.

When was Reginald Tyrwhitt promoted to commander and what was his role immediately after?

Reginald Tyrwhitt was promoted to commander on 1 January 1903. Immediately following this promotion, he became the executive officer in the cruiser HMS Aurora. The executive officer is typically the second-in-command of a ship, responsible for daily operations.

Which ships did Tyrwhitt command as a commander before his promotion to captain?

As a commander, Tyrwhitt commanded the destroyer HMS Waveney in 1904, the scout cruiser HMS Attentive in 1906, and the scout cruiser HMS Skirmisher in 1907.

When was Reginald Tyrwhitt promoted to captain and what was his subsequent command?

Reginald Tyrwhitt was promoted to captain on 30 June 1908. His subsequent command was as captain of the 4th Destroyer Flotilla, where he served in the cruiser HMS Topaze, starting in August 1909.

What significant role did Tyrwhitt hold just before the First World War?

Just before the First World War, in December 1913, Reginald Tyrwhitt became commodore of all destroyers in the First Fleet. A commodore is a senior naval rank, typically commanding a squadron or flotilla, and is equivalent to a brigadier in the army.

What was Reginald Tyrwhitt's primary command at the outset of the First World War?

At the beginning of the First World War, Reginald Tyrwhitt was given command of the Harwich Force. He initially flew his broad pendant, a distinctive flag indicating a commodore's command, in the protected cruiser HMS Amethyst.

Which ship served as Tyrwhitt's flagship during the Battle of Heligoland Bight?

During the Battle of Heligoland Bight, Reginald Tyrwhitt's flagship was the light cruiser HMS Arethusa. The source material includes a portrait of Tyrwhitt by Francis Dodd.

What was Tyrwhitt's involvement in the Battle of Heligoland Bight in August 1914?

In August 1914, Tyrwhitt led a supporting naval force consisting of 31 destroyers and two cruisers at the Battle of Heligoland Bight. In this action, his forces supported the 1st Battlecruiser Squadron under Sir David Beatty, which resulted in the sinking of three German cruisers and one German destroyer with minimal losses for the Allied warships.

What award did Tyrwhitt receive for his actions at the Battle of Heligoland Bight?

For his distinguished actions at the Battle of Heligoland Bight, Reginald Tyrwhitt was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath on 21 October 1914. This is a British order of chivalry, recognizing distinguished service.

What was Tyrwhitt's role in the Cuxhaven Raid in December 1914?

Reginald Tyrwhitt led the British naval forces during the Cuxhaven Raid in December 1914. This operation involved British seaplanes successfully destroying German Zeppelin airships, which were used for reconnaissance and bombing.

How did Tyrwhitt contribute to the Battle of Dogger Bank in January 1915?

At the Battle of Dogger Bank in January 1915, Reginald Tyrwhitt again provided crucial support to Sir David Beatty's powerful battlecruiser squadron, similar to his role in the Battle of Heligoland Bight.

Why were Tyrwhitt's forces not involved in the Battle of Jutland in May 1916?

During the Battle of Jutland in May 1916, the Admiralty made the strategic decision to hold back Tyrwhitt's forces. This was a precautionary measure in case of a potential German attack on the British coast, ensuring defensive readiness.

What British and French awards did Tyrwhitt receive in 1916 and 1917 during the First World War?

In 1916, Tyrwhitt was awarded the Distinguished Service Order on 3 June and appointed a Commander of the French Legion of Honour on 15 September. In 1917, he was advanced to Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath on 15 July and appointed an Officer of the Military Order of Savoy on 11 August. He was also made a naval aide-de-camp to the King on 21 May 1917, serving as a personal staff officer to the monarch.

What operations did Tyrwhitt participate in during April 1918, and what recognition did he receive?

Reginald Tyrwhitt took part in both the Zeebrugge Raid and the Ostend Raid on the night of 23 April 1918. For his involvement in these daring operations, which aimed to block German U-boat bases, he was awarded the French Croix de Guerre on 23 July.

What significant event marked the end of the First World War for Tyrwhitt?

At the conclusion of the First World War, Reginald Tyrwhitt accepted the surrender of the German U-boats at Harwich. This event symbolized the end of naval hostilities and the Allied victory.

When was Tyrwhitt promoted to rear admiral and created a baronet?

Reginald Tyrwhitt was promoted to rear admiral on 2 December 1919. Shortly after, on 13 December, he was created a baronet of Terschelling and of Oxford. A baronet is a hereditary title, ranking below a baron but above a knight.

What was Tyrwhitt's first post-war appointment in July 1919?

In July 1919, Reginald Tyrwhitt's first post-war appointment was as Senior Naval Officer, Gibraltar. This role involved overseeing naval operations and administration in the strategically important British territory.

What squadron did Tyrwhitt command in the Mediterranean Fleet after the war, and what was his flagship?

After the war, in 1921, Tyrwhitt commanded the 3rd Light Cruiser Squadron in the Mediterranean Fleet. His flagship for this command was the light cruiser HMS Cardiff.

When did Tyrwhitt become Commander-in-Chief, Coast of Scotland?

Reginald Tyrwhitt assumed the role of Commander-in-Chief, Coast of Scotland, in June 1923. This command involved overseeing naval activities along the Scottish coastline.

When was Tyrwhitt promoted to vice admiral?

Reginald Tyrwhitt was promoted to the rank of vice admiral on 18 January 1925. This rank is typically held by an officer commanding a fleet or a major naval formation.

What command did Tyrwhitt hold in China, and what were the circumstances?

In November 1926, Reginald Tyrwhitt became Commander-in-Chief, China, with his flag in HMS Hawkins. This appointment occurred during a period of significant disturbances and tension with the Nationalist Government in China, requiring careful diplomatic and military management. The source material includes an image caption referencing HMS Hawkins.

When was Tyrwhitt promoted to full admiral and advanced to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath?

Reginald Tyrwhitt was promoted to full admiral on 27 February 1929. He was further honored by being advanced to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath on 30 July 1929, which is the highest class of this British order of chivalry.

What was Tyrwhitt's final command before his retirement from active service?

Reginald Tyrwhitt's final command before his retirement from active service was as Commander-in-Chief, The Nore, which he took up in May 1930. The Nore Command was a significant naval base and command area in the United Kingdom.

What was Tyrwhitt's involvement in the aftermath of the Invergordon Mutiny in 1931?

In the aftermath of the Invergordon Mutiny in September 1931, Tyrwhitt played a crucial role in preventing Vice-Admiral Frederic Dreyer from taking command of the Atlantic Fleet. This action effectively ended any hopes Dreyer had of becoming First Sea Lord, the professional head of the Royal Navy.

What honorary title was Tyrwhitt appointed to in October 1932?

Reginald Tyrwhitt was appointed First and Principal Naval Aide-de-Camp on 10 October 1932. This is an honorary position, serving as a personal staff officer to the monarch, King George V at the time.

What significant distinction did Tyrwhitt hold upon hauling down his flag in May 1933?

When Reginald Tyrwhitt hauled down his flag for the last time in May 1933, he held the significant distinction of being the last British flag officer who had served in the First World War to do so, marking the end of an era for that generation of naval leadership.

When was Reginald Tyrwhitt promoted to Admiral of the Fleet?

Reginald Tyrwhitt was promoted to Admiral of the Fleet on 31 July 1934, which is the highest rank in the Royal Navy, often reserved for distinguished officers or those holding specific high-level appointments.

What was Tyrwhitt's involvement during the Second World War?

During the Second World War, Reginald Tyrwhitt briefly served in the Home Guard. The Home Guard was a civilian militia established in the United Kingdom to defend against potential invasion.

Who did Reginald Tyrwhitt marry and when?

Reginald Tyrwhitt married Angela Corbally in 1903.

How many children did Reginald and Angela Tyrwhitt have, and who were they?

Reginald and Angela Tyrwhitt had three children: two daughters and one son, who was Admiral Sir St John Tyrwhitt.

What notable career did Tyrwhitt's elder daughter, Mary, pursue?

Reginald Tyrwhitt's elder daughter, Mary, had a distinguished military career. She served as the last director of the Auxiliary Territorial Service and subsequently became the first director of the Women's Royal Army Corps, pioneering roles for women in the British Army.

Who preceded and succeeded Reginald Tyrwhitt as Commander-in-Chief, Coast of Scotland?

Sir John Green preceded Reginald Tyrwhitt as Commander-in-Chief, Coast of Scotland, from 1923 to 1925, and Sir Walter Cowan succeeded him in this role.

Who held the position of Commander-in-Chief, China, before and after Tyrwhitt?

Sir Edwyn Alexander-Sinclair held the position of Commander-in-Chief, China, before Reginald Tyrwhitt's tenure from 1926 to 1928, and Sir Arthur Waistell succeeded him in that command.

Who was Tyrwhitt's predecessor and successor as Commander-in-Chief, The Nore?

Sir Edwyn Alexander-Sinclair preceded Reginald Tyrwhitt as Commander-in-Chief, The Nore, from 1930 to 1933, and Sir Hugh Tweedie succeeded him in this command.

Who preceded and succeeded Tyrwhitt in the honorary title of First and Principal Naval Aide-de-Camp?

Sir Hubert Brand preceded Reginald Tyrwhitt in the honorary title of First and Principal Naval Aide-de-Camp, and Sir John Kelly succeeded him in this role, which he held from 1932 to 1934.

Who succeeded Reginald Tyrwhitt as the 2nd Baronet of Terschelling and Oxford?

Reginald Tyrwhitt was succeeded as the 2nd Baronet of Terschelling and Oxford by his son, St John Tyrwhitt, after his death in 1951.

Reginald Tyrwhitt Wiki: Navigating Destiny: The Saga of Admiral Tyrwhitt

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Who Was He?

A Distinguished Naval Officer

Admiral of the Fleet Sir Reginald Yorke Tyrwhitt, 1st Baronet, GCB DSO, was a highly decorated officer of the Royal Navy. Born on May 10, 1870, in Oxford, Oxfordshire, he dedicated his life to naval service, leaving an indelible mark on British maritime history. His career spanned from 1883 to 1945, culminating in the highest rank of Admiral of the Fleet.^[1]

Commander of the Harwich Force

During the tumultuous years of the First World War, Tyrwhitt rose to prominence as the commander of the Harwich Force. This crucial naval formation was tasked with protecting the eastern approaches to Britain and engaging German naval units in the North Sea. His leadership in this role was instrumental in several key naval engagements.^[2]

Pivotal Wartime Contributions

Tyrwhitt's strategic acumen and tactical bravery were evident in battles such as the Battle of Heligoland Bight in August 1914, where his supporting force of destroyers and cruisers contributed significantly to a decisive Allied victory. He also led British naval forces during the Cuxhaven Raid in December 1914 and the Battle of Dogger Bank in January 1915, consistently supporting larger battlecruiser squadrons with minimal allied losses.^[2]

Early Career

Cadet to Commander

Reginald Tyrwhitt commenced his naval journey as a cadet aboard the training ship HMS Britannia on July 15, 1883. His early assignments included service on the battleship HMS Alexandra in the Mediterranean Fleet (1885) and the cruiser HMS Calypso in the Training Squadron (1888). He steadily climbed the ranks, achieving midshipman status in December 1885 and sub-lieutenant in March 1890.^[3]

Destroyer and Cruiser Commands

After being promoted to lieutenant in August 1892, Tyrwhitt served on the light cruiser HMS Cleopatra on the North America and West Indies Station. His first command came in January 1896 as commanding officer of the destroyer HMS Hart. He later served as First Lieutenant on the despatch vessel HMS Surprise and the cruiser HMS Indefatigable before being promoted to commander on January 1, 1903, and serving as executive officer on HMS Aurora.^[3]^[4]

Ascending the Ranks

Tyrwhitt continued to gain experience commanding various vessels, including the destroyer HMS Waveney (1904) and the scout cruisers HMS Attentive (1906) and HMS Skirmisher (1907). He was promoted to captain on June 30, 1908, and took command of the 4th Destroyer Flotilla in HMS Topaze. His career progressed rapidly, leading to his appointment as commodore of all destroyers in the First Fleet by December 1913, a critical role on the eve of the First World War.^[3]^[5]

First World War

Leading the Harwich Force

At the outbreak of the First World War, Captain Tyrwhitt was entrusted with the command of the Harwich Force, a vital component of the Royal Navy's strategy in the North Sea. Initially flying his broad pendant in the protected cruiser HMS Amethyst, he later transferred his flag to the light cruiser HMS Arethusa, which served as his flagship during several crucial engagements.^[3]

Battle of Heligoland Bight (1914)

In August 1914, Tyrwhitt led a formidable supporting naval force comprising 31 destroyers and two cruisers into the Battle of Heligoland Bight. This engagement saw his forces, in conjunction with the 1st Battlecruiser Squadron under Sir David Beatty, achieve a significant victory, sinking three German cruisers and one German destroyer while incurring minimal losses for the Allied fleet. For his distinguished service in this action, Tyrwhitt was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath.^[6]^[7]

Strategic Raids and Engagements

Tyrwhitt's leadership extended to other critical operations, including the Cuxhaven Raid in December 1914, where British seaplanes successfully destroyed German Zeppelin airships. He also played a supporting role in the Battle of Dogger Bank in January 1915, once again bolstering Beatty's powerful battlecruiser squadron. Notably, during the Battle of Jutland in May 1916, the Admiralty strategically held back Tyrwhitt's forces to guard against potential German coastal attacks.^[8]

Recognition and Valor

His wartime contributions earned him numerous accolades. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Order on June 3, 1916, and appointed a Commander of the French Legion of Honour on September 15, 1916. Further recognition included being made a naval aide-de-camp to King George V in May 1917, advanced to Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in July 1917, and appointed an Officer of the Military Order of Savoy in August 1917.^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]

End of Hostilities

Tyrwhitt participated in the daring Zeebrugge Raid and the First Ostend Raid on the night of April 23, 1918, actions for which he received the French Croix de Guerre. As the war concluded, he had the significant duty of accepting the surrender of German U-boats at Harwich, marking a symbolic end to a period of intense naval conflict. His post-war recognition included promotion to rear admiral in December 1919 and being created a baronet of Terschelling and Oxford.^[8]^[14]^[15]^[16]

Post-War Leadership

Global Commands

Following the First World War, Sir Reginald Tyrwhitt continued his distinguished service in various high-profile appointments. He served as Senior Naval Officer, Gibraltar, starting in July 1919, and later commanded the 3rd Light Cruiser Squadron in the Mediterranean Fleet, with his flag aboard HMS Cardiff in 1921. His leadership extended to home waters as Commander-in-Chief, Coast of Scotland, from June 1923.^[8]

Commander-in-Chief, China

Promoted to vice admiral on January 18, 1925, Tyrwhitt assumed the critical role of Commander-in-Chief, China, in November 1926, with his flag in HMS Hawkins. This period was marked by significant political disturbances and tensions with the Nationalist Government, requiring astute diplomatic and military leadership. His tenure in China underscored his capability to navigate complex international relations.^[17]^[18]

Admiral of the Fleet

Tyrwhitt's career culminated in his promotion to full admiral on February 27, 1929, and his advancement to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath on July 30, 1929. He then took on his final major command as Commander-in-Chief, The Nore, in May 1930. In this role, he played a pivotal part in the aftermath of the Invergordon Mutiny in September 1931, notably preventing Vice-Admiral Frederic Dreyer from assuming command of the Atlantic Fleet.^[18]^[19]^[20]^[21]

Retirement and Legacy

Appointed First and Principal Naval Aide-de-Camp on October 10, 1932, Tyrwhitt hauled down his flag for the final time in May 1933, marking him as the last British flag officer who had served in the First World War to do so. He was promoted to Admiral of the Fleet on July 31, 1934, and even briefly served in the Home Guard during the Second World War. Sir Reginald Tyrwhitt passed away on May 30, 1951, at the age of 81, in Sandhurst, Kent, leaving behind a legacy of dedicated service and distinguished command.^[18]^[22]^[23]^[24]

Family

Personal Life

In 1903, Reginald Tyrwhitt married Angela Corbally. Their union resulted in a family that would also contribute significantly to public service. They had two daughters and one son, continuing a lineage of notable individuals.^[3]

Notable Descendants

Their son, Admiral Sir St John Tyrwhitt, followed in his father's footsteps, achieving a distinguished naval career. Their elder daughter, Mary Tyrwhitt, also made a significant impact, serving as the last director of the Auxiliary Territorial Service and the first director of the Women's Royal Army Corps, demonstrating a commitment to service across generations.^[25]

Honors

British Decorations

Sir Reginald Tyrwhitt received numerous British honors throughout his illustrious career, reflecting his exceptional service and leadership within the Royal Navy.

Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB): The highest class of the Order of the Bath, recognizing outstanding military service.
Distinguished Service Order (DSO): Awarded for meritorious or distinguished service in wartime.

International Recognition

His contributions were also recognized by Allied nations, highlighting his importance in international naval cooperation during the First World War.

Commander of the Legion of Honour (France): A high French order of merit, awarded for outstanding military achievements.
Croix de Guerre (France): A French military decoration for acts of heroism in combat.
Officer of the Military Order of Savoy (Italy): An Italian military order recognizing distinguished service.

Significant Commands Held:

Nore Command (1930–1933)
China Station (1926–1929)
Commander-in-Chief, Coast of Scotland (1923–1925)
3rd Light Cruiser Squadron (1920–1922)
Senior Naval Officer, Gibraltar (1919)
Harwich Force (1914–1918)
Destroyer Flotillas of the First Fleet (1913)
2nd Destroyer Flotilla (1912)
HMS Good Hope (1912)
HMS Bacchante (1910–1911)
4th Destroyer Flotilla (1909)
HMS Skirmisher (1907)
HMS Attentive (1906)
HMS Waveney (1904)
HMS Hart (1896)

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References

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Navigating Destiny: The Saga of Admiral Tyrwhitt

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Who Was He? 👤

🎖️ A Distinguished Naval Officer

🌊 Commander of the Harwich Force

⚓ Pivotal Wartime Contributions

Early Career 📜

🎓 Cadet to Commander

🚢 Destroyer and Cruiser Commands

📈 Ascending the Ranks

First World War ⚔️

🛡️ Leading the Harwich Force

💥 Battle of Heligoland Bight (1914)

🎯 Strategic Raids and Engagements

🏅 Recognition and Valor

🔚 End of Hostilities

Post-War Leadership 🌍

🌐 Global Commands

🇨🇳 Commander-in-Chief, China

👑 Admiral of the Fleet

🕰️ Retirement and Legacy

Family 👨‍👩‍👧‍👦

⚭ Personal Life

🌟 Notable Descendants

Honors 🏆

🇬🇧 British Decorations

🇫🇷🇮🇹 International Recognition

Significant Commands Held:

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📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Who Was He?

A Distinguished Naval Officer

Commander of the Harwich Force

Pivotal Wartime Contributions

Early Career

Cadet to Commander

Destroyer and Cruiser Commands

Ascending the Ranks

First World War

Leading the Harwich Force

Battle of Heligoland Bight (1914)

Strategic Raids and Engagements

Recognition and Valor

End of Hostilities

Post-War Leadership

Global Commands

Commander-in-Chief, China

Admiral of the Fleet

Retirement and Legacy

Family

Personal Life

Notable Descendants

Honors

British Decorations

International Recognition

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice