What are the primary stylistic origins of Southern hip-hop?

Southern hip-hop draws its stylistic origins from the broader hip-hop genre, with influences from both East Coast hip-hop and West Coast hip-hop.

In what region and during what time period did Southern hip-hop culturally emerge?

Southern hip-hop culturally emerged in the mid-1980s within the Southern United States, with key centers developing in cities like Houston, Atlanta, New Orleans, Memphis, and Miami.

What are some of the distinct subgenres that fall under the umbrella of Southern hip-hop?

Southern hip-hop encompasses various subgenres, including Bounce, chopped and screwed, crunk, Miami bass, phonk, plugg, trap music, and Memphis rap, each contributing to the genre's diverse sound.

Which major cities are recognized as significant regional hubs for Southern hip-hop?

The most prominent regional scenes for Southern hip-hop are located in Memphis, Houston, Atlanta, Miami, New Orleans, Baton Rouge, Dallas-Fort Worth, and Fayetteville, Georgia.

Besides Southern hip-hop, what other names are used to refer to this regional genre?

Southern hip-hop is also commonly known as Southern rap, South Coast hip-hop, or by the colloquial term 'dirty south'.

Which five states are considered the core of the 'Southern Network' in rap music?

The five states that form the core of the 'Southern Network' in rap music are Georgia, Texas, Louisiana, Tennessee, and Florida.

How did Southern hip-hop establish itself in relation to the existing East Coast and West Coast hip-hop scenes?

Southern hip-hop emerged as a distinct third major American hip-hop scene, developing as a reaction to the prevailing sounds and cultural trends emanating from New York City and Los Angeles.

What challenges did many early Southern rap artists face in the 1990s?

In the 1990s, many early Southern rap artists encountered difficulties in securing contracts with major record labels, which often led them to release their music independently or through mixtapes.

When did Southern hip-hop begin to achieve significant mainstream success and influence?

By the early 2000s, Southern hip-hop artists started gaining substantial success, and throughout that decade, the genre, in both its mainstream and underground forms, became one of the most popular and influential in hip-hop.

Which regions dominated the hip-hop music market in the 1980s and 1990s?

During the 1980s and 1990s, the hip-hop music market was primarily dominated by artists from the East Coast and West Coast, with New York City and Los Angeles being the focal points.

Which Houston-based hip-hop group is recognized as one of the first from the Southern United States to achieve widespread popularity?

The Geto Boys, a hip-hop group originating from Houston, Texas, were among the initial artists from the Southern United States to gain significant widespread popularity in the genre.

What specific albums by the Geto Boys are cited as foundational to the success of Southern hip-hop?

The Geto Boys' albums Grip It! On That Other Level (1989), The Geto Boys (1990), and We Can't Be Stopped (1991) are identified as key releases that contributed to the rise of Southern hip-hop.

How did Atlanta emerge as a central hub for Southern hip-hop in the mid-1990s?

Atlanta became a major center for Southern hip-hop in the mid-1990s, significantly influenced by production crews like Organized Noize and artists such as Outkast and Goodie Mob.

What pivotal moment at the 1995 Source Awards highlighted the growing voice of Southern hip-hop?

At the 1995 Source Awards, Outkast member André 3000 famously declared, 'the South got something to say,' in response to boos, a moment that rapper T.I. later cited as crucial for gaining serious recognition for Southern rap.

Which record labels from New Orleans and Memphis were significant in the early 2000s Southern hip-hop scene?

Cash Money Records and No Limit Records from New Orleans, along with Hypnotize Minds from Memphis, were instrumental in the early 2000s, revolutionizing financial strategies for independent Southern labels and contributing to the genre's mainstream breakthrough.

What period is considered the peak of Southern hip-hop's popularity and influence?

Southern hip-hop experienced its peak popularity and influence between the years 2002 and 2004.

What statistical evidence demonstrates the dominance of Southern hip-hop on music charts during its peak period?

During the week of December 13, 2003, Southern artists occupied six of the top 10 spots on the Billboard Hot 100. Furthermore, from October 2003 to December 2004, Southern artists held the number one position for 58 out of 62 weeks, and in 2004, they accounted for 43.6% of urban radio airplay.

What era is known as 'The Dirty Decade' in Southern hip-hop, and what characterized it?

'The Dirty Decade' refers to the period from 1997 to 2007, marked by the maturation and widespread national recognition of Southern hip-hop, distinguished by its gritty and unique sound.

What were some key musical elements that defined Southern hip-hop during 'The Dirty Decade'?

During 'The Dirty Decade,' Southern hip-hop was characterized by heavy basslines, distinctive slang, and the integration of regional influences into production, with producers like Mannie Fresh, Lil Jon, and Organized Noize playing significant roles.

Which subgenre of Southern hip-hop saw a surge in popularity during 'The Dirty Decade'?

Crunk music experienced a significant rise in popularity during 'The Dirty Decade,' with hits like Lil Jon and the East Side Boyz's 'Get Low' and the Ying Yang Twins' 'Salt Shaker' becoming prominent examples.

When and where did 'bounce' music originate, and what are its defining characteristics?

Bounce music originated in New Orleans in the late 1990s and is characterized by fast beats, catchy call-and-response lyrics, and background ad-libs designed to encourage dancing.

Who is recognized as a prominent bounce artist, and what notable achievements are mentioned for them?

Big Freedia is highlighted as a famous bounce artist, noted for collaborations with Beyoncé, walking the MET Gala runway with Ciara, and having their own TV show on Fuse.

What are the defining sonic and lyrical features of Miami Bass music?

Miami Bass music is recognized for its explicit lyrics, fast dance beats, prominent basslines, and a consistent kick drum, often focusing on themes of partying, drugs, and sex.

What song is credited as the first Miami Bass track, and who released it?

The song 'Throw The D,' released by 2 Live Crew in January 1986, is considered the inaugural Miami Bass track.

What was the outcome of the controversy surrounding 2 Live Crew's album 'As Nasty As They Wanna Be'?

Despite a judge initially deeming 2 Live Crew's 1989 album 'As Nasty As They Wanna Be' too obscene for sale, the group won their legal battle, which allowed for the continued use of explicit content and slang with a required warning label on album covers.

Which artists from Memphis, Tennessee, are mentioned as significant figures in the region's hip-hop scene?

Key artists from Memphis, Tennessee, include Three 6 Mafia, DJ Paul, Juicy J, Lord Infamous, Crunchy Black, Gangsta Boo, La Chat, Project Pat, Indo G, Playa Fly, Eightball and MJG, Yo Gotti, Moneybagg Yo, NLE Choppa, Pooh Shiesty, Blac Youngsta, and Young Dolph.

What distinct subgenres of hip-hop did the Tennessee rap scene help popularize?

The Tennessee rap scene played a role in popularizing subgenres such as Memphis Rap and Memphis horror-core.

What is noted about the song 'Tennessee' by Arrested Development?

Arrested Development's 1992 song 'Tennessee,' from their album '3 Years, 5 Months and 2 Days in the Life Of...,' is believed to be the first rap song released from the state of Tennessee.

Which Alabama-based gangsta rap group is mentioned in the text?

The gangsta rap group Dirty, from Montgomery, Alabama, is mentioned in the text.

How did Atlanta's hip-hop scene evolve in the 1980s and early 1990s?

In the 1980s and early 1990s, Atlanta's hip-hop scene was characterized by a local variation of Miami bass, featuring artists like Kilo Ali and DJ Smurf (later known as Mr. Collipark).

What impact did Outkast and Goodie Mob have on Atlanta's reputation in the mid-1990s hip-hop landscape?

The emergence of Outkast, Goodie Mob, and the production collective Organized Noize in the mid-1990s was pivotal in developing the Dirty South style and establishing Atlanta's reputation for unique, 'soul-minded hip-hop eccentrics'.

What role did the Roland TR-808 synthesizer play in Atlanta's diverse hip-hop sounds?

Producer Fatboi described the Roland TR-808 synthesizer as 'central' to Atlanta's musical versatility, noting its use across various styles including snap, crunk, trap, and pop rap.

Who were identified as key producers driving Atlanta's hip-hop scene in a 2009 New York Times article?

A 2009 New York Times article identified Drumma Boy, Fatboi, Shawty Redd, Lex Luger, and Zaytoven as the five 'hottest producers driving the city' of Atlanta.

What stylistic shift occurred in Texas hip-hop in the early 1990s, and who pioneered it?

In the early 1990s, Texas hip-hop began to slow down, diverging from the faster styles prevalent elsewhere. DJ Screw pioneered the 'chopped and screwed' music style during this period.

What is 'chopped and screwed' music, and what substance is associated with its development?

'Chopped and screwed' is a music style characterized by slowed-down tempos, created by DJ Screw. Its development is associated with the increased abuse of 'purple drank' in Southeast Texas, which affected the perception of time and tempo.

What significant collaborations did UGK achieve in 2000 that boosted their profile?

In 2000, UGK made notable guest appearances on Jay-Z's 'Big Pimpin'' and Three 6 Mafia's 'Sippin' on Some Syrup,' significantly enhancing their reputation and generating anticipation for their future projects.

What led MTV to declare Houston the 'new rap capital of the South' in 2005?

The mainstream success achieved by numerous Houston rappers in the 2000s, including Mike Jones and Paul Wall reaching platinum status and topping charts, prompted MTV to name Houston the new rap capital of the South in 2005.

What unique fashion statement did the hip-hop duo Kris Kross make that contributed to their fame?

Kris Kross, an Atlanta-based hip-hop duo, gained fame partly through their distinctive fashion choice of wearing their clothes backward, which became a trend in the 1990s.

What was the cultural impact of Migos' song 'Versace'?

Migos' hit song 'Versace,' especially after a remix featuring Drake, not only propelled the trio into mainstream hip-hop but also significantly popularized the Versace fashion brand within the Black community in hip-hop.

What notable brand partnerships has Travis Scott engaged in?

Travis Scott has collaborated with various brands, including Nike (as a creative consultant), McDonald's, PlayStation, Epic Games, and Christian Dior.

What distinctive visual element was used in J. Cole's '4 Your Eyez Only' tour?

During his '4 Your Eyez Only' tour, J. Cole opened the shows by wearing a prison jumpsuit printed with 'Property of,' which served as a central visual theme for the tour's storytelling.

What is the origin and primary characteristic of the musical style known as 'crunk'?

Crunk is a musical style that originated with Three Six Mafia in Memphis, Tennessee, in the mid-to-late 1990s. It is characterized by heavy basslines, drum machine rhythms, and shouting vocals, often in a call-and-response format.

Who is credited with popularizing crunk music, and during what period did it achieve mainstream success?

Atlanta rapper Lil Jon is credited with popularizing crunk music, which achieved mainstream success primarily between 2003 and 2004.

What are the five Southern cities that contributed iconic slang to the genre?

The five cities that contributed iconic slang to Southern hip-hop are Houston, Memphis, Atlanta, Miami, and New Orleans.

What is 'Lean,' and how did DJ Screw and Big Moe popularize the term?

'Lean' refers to a mixture of sprite, codeine, and candy, used recreationally. DJ Screw and Big Moe popularized the term in their 1996 song 'Sippin' Codeine,' which included the lyric 'It makes a southside playa lean'.

What does the slang term 'Trap House' signify in Southern hip-hop culture?

In Southern hip-hop slang, a 'Trap House' refers to a location where illegal drugs are produced, sold, or consumed, often associated with addiction. The term also lends its name to the 'trap' music genre, which depicts the realities of drug dealing and inner-city struggles.

What is the meaning and origin of the slang term 'Flossin''?

'Flossin'' means to display expensive items, such as clothing or jewelry. The term originated in Houston around 1990, initially signifying wealth and evolving to mean showing off.

What does the slang adjective 'Ratchet' mean, and what is its linguistic origin?

The adjective 'Ratchet' means crazy or wild. It is derived from the dialect of Shreveport, Louisiana, originating from the word 'Wretched'.

How was the phrase 'Dirty South' introduced into the hip-hop lexicon?

The phrase 'Dirty South' was introduced through the 1995 Goodie Mob track of the same name, which featured the recurring lyric, 'What you niggas know about the Dirty South?'

What unique fashion choice did the hip-hop group Migos adopt that became associated with their image?

While not explicitly stated as a unique choice for Migos, the text mentions their association with fashion, including walking MET Gala carpets and popularizing the Versace brand through their music, reflecting a strong connection to fashion trends within hip-hop.

Southern Hip-hop Wiki: Rhythm of the South: An Exploration of Southern Hip-Hop

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Introduction to Southern Hip-Hop

A Distinctive Scene

Southern hip-hop, also known as Southern rap or the "Dirty South," represents a significant regional genre within American hip-hop. Emerging from the Southern United States, particularly states like Georgia, Texas, Louisiana, Tennessee, and Florida, it established itself as the third major hip-hop scene, distinct from the established East Coast and West Coast movements.

Origins and Influence

Arising as a reaction to the prevailing hip-hop culture of New York City and Los Angeles in the mid-1980s, Southern hip-hop carved its own path. Initially facing challenges in securing record label contracts during the 1990s, many Southern artists found success through independent releases and mixtapes. By the early 2000s, the genre had achieved widespread popularity and significant influence, becoming a dominant force in the global hip-hop landscape.

Cultural Significance

The genre is deeply intertwined with the cultural fabric of the American South, incorporating regional slang, musical influences, and storytelling that reflect the unique experiences of its artists and communities. Its evolution has not only shaped the sound of hip-hop but also influenced fashion, language, and broader cultural trends.

Historical Trajectory

Early Foundations (1980s-1990s)

While East and West Coast hip-hop dominated the national scene, Southern cities began developing their own distinct sounds in the mid-1980s. Groups like the Geto Boys from Houston were among the first to gain significant traction, releasing influential albums in the late 1980s and early 1990s. This period saw many Southern artists independently distributing their music, laying the groundwork for future success.

The "Dirty Decade" (1997-2007)

This era marked a pivotal period of maturation and national recognition for Southern hip-hop. Producers like Mannie Fresh, Lil Jon, and Organized Noize were instrumental in shaping the genre's sound. Crunk music, characterized by its energetic beats and shouting vocals, gained significant mainstream popularity. Artists like Outkast, Ludacris, and Lil Wayne emerged as major figures, solidifying the South's position in the hip-hop world.

Mainstream Ascendancy (2000s)

The early to mid-2000s witnessed Southern hip-hop artists achieving unprecedented commercial success. Southern artists frequently dominated music charts and urban radio airplay. This period saw the rise of major labels like Cash Money Records and No Limit Records, revolutionizing independent label strategies. The region's influence was so profound that MTV declared Houston the new rap capital of the South in 2005.

Regional Hubs of Innovation

Louisiana: Bounce and Beyond

New Orleans became a crucible for innovation with the emergence of "bounce" music in the late 1990s. Characterized by fast beats, call-and-response lyrics, and danceable rhythms, bounce music found champions in artists like DJ Jubilee and later gained wider recognition through collaborations with artists like Big Freedia. Labels like Master P's No Limit Records and Cash Money Records also rose to prominence, shaping the sound of New Orleans hip-hop.

Florida: Miami Bass and Explicit Expression

Miami Bass emerged as a distinctive subgenre, known for its explicit lyrics, high-energy dance beats, and heavy basslines. The group 2 Live Crew played a pivotal role in popularizing the genre with their 1986 track "Throw The D" and their controversial 1989 album "As Nasty As They Wanna Be." This era highlighted the genre's willingness to push boundaries and engage with legal challenges regarding lyrical content.

Tennessee: Memphis Rap and Horrorcore

Memphis, Tennessee, became a significant hub, particularly for Memphis Rap and its darker, horrorcore offshoot. Artists such as Three 6 Mafia, DJ Paul, and Juicy J pioneered a distinctive sound that blended Southern rap with funk and horror-themed elements. The region also produced influential figures like Eightball & MJG and Yo Gotti, contributing to the diverse sonic landscape of Southern hip-hop.

Georgia: Atlanta's Dominance

Atlanta solidified its status as "hip-hop's center of gravity." The production collective Organized Noize, along with artists like Outkast and Goodie Mob, developed the influential "Dirty South" style. Atlanta became synonymous with crunk music, popularized by Lil Jon, and later became the birthplace of trap music, a subgenre that would profoundly impact global hip-hop.

Texas: Slowed Beats and Houston's Influence

Texas, particularly Houston, introduced a slower, more deliberate style of hip-hop. DJ Screw pioneered the "chopped and screwed" technique, characterized by slowed-down tempos and distinctive ad-libs, often influenced by the consumption of "purple drank." Artists like the Geto Boys, UGK, Mike Jones, and Paul Wall gained national recognition, showcasing the region's unique contribution to the genre.

North Carolina: Emerging Voices

North Carolina's hip-hop scene gained national attention with artists like Ski Beatz and 9th Wonder, who produced for groups like Little Brother. Petey Pablo's 2001 hit "Raise Up" marked a significant moment, highlighting the state's burgeoning industry. Later, artists such as J. Cole and Rapsody further cemented North Carolina's place in the Southern hip-hop narrative.

Key Subgenres

Bounce

Originating in New Orleans, bounce music is characterized by its fast tempos, distinctive call-and-response patterns, and energetic, dance-focused rhythms. It is deeply rooted in the city's vibrant musical traditions.

Chopped and Screwed

Pioneered by DJ Screw in Houston, this subgenre involves slowing down hip-hop tracks significantly, often adding unique vocal effects and ad-libs. It creates a distinct, syrupy, and hypnotic listening experience.

Crunk

Emerging from Memphis and popularized in Atlanta, crunk is known for its aggressive, chant-like vocals, heavy basslines, and energetic drum machine rhythms. It is designed to incite excitement and movement on the dance floor.

Miami Bass

This Florida-based subgenre is recognized for its explicit lyrical themes, rapid dance beats, and prominent kick drum patterns. It often celebrates party culture, sex, and a hedonistic lifestyle.

Trap Music

Originating in Atlanta, trap music is defined by its synthesized drums, heavy 808 basslines, and lyrical focus on the drug trade and urban struggles. It has evolved into one of the most dominant forces in contemporary hip-hop.

Memphis Rap

A subgenre closely associated with Memphis, Tennessee, often characterized by its raw, gritty sound, distinctive vocal styles, and sometimes incorporating horror-themed elements. It laid foundational elements for later Southern styles.

Linguistic Landscape: Southern Slang

Lean (Sizzurp)

A mixture of soda, candy, and prescription-grade codeine syrup, "lean" (also known as sizzurp or purple drank) originated in Houston. Popularized by artists like DJ Screw, the term "lean" gained widespread use in the 1990s, referring to the drug's disorienting, slowed-down effects.

Trap House

This term, originating from Atlanta, refers to a location where illegal drugs are manufactured, sold, or consumed. The name stems from the feeling of being "trapped" by addiction. "Trap House" also denotes a music genre that often depicts the harsh realities of drug dealing and inner-city life.

Flossin'

Originating in Houston around 1990, "flossin'" evolved from meaning "to have money" to its current connotation of showing off expensive possessions, particularly clothing and jewelry. It became a popular term in Southern rap lyrics.

Ratchet

Derived from the term "wretched" in Louisiana dialect, "ratchet" is used to describe something crazy, wild, or exceptionally impressive. Rappers from Shreveport, Louisiana, were early adopters, and the term gained broader popularity through songs by artists like Lil Boosie and Nicki Minaj.

Dirty South

The phrase "Dirty South" was popularized by the 1995 Goodie Mob track of the same name. It encapsulates the complex, often challenging, yet resilient identity of the Southern United States, contrasting with perceived Northern or West Coast norms and highlighting the region's unique cultural contributions.

Style and Influence

Kris Kross's Backwards Trend

The Atlanta duo Kris Kross, Chris "Daddy Mac" Smith and Chris "Mac Daddy" Kelly, achieved fame in the early 1990s not only for their music but also for their distinctive fashion choice: wearing their clothes backwards. This trendsetting move at just 12 and 13 years old became a defining style of the era.

Migos and Brand Influence

The Atlanta trio Migos, comprising Takeoff, Offset, and Quavo, significantly impacted hip-hop fashion. Their hit song "Versace," amplified by Drake's endorsement, not only propelled their careers but also popularized the Versace brand within hip-hop culture, particularly in the Black community.

Travis Scott's Collaborations

Houston's Travis Scott (Jacques Bermon Webster II) has leveraged his musical platform into a significant force in fashion and brand collaborations. His work with major brands like Nike, McDonald's, PlayStation, and Dior demonstrates a powerful synergy between music, culture, and commerce, cementing his status as a trendsetter.

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References

OutKast Songs, Albums, Reviews, Bio & More AllMusic Retrieved 12 June 2024

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Rhythm of the South

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

Introduction to Southern Hip-Hop 👑

🌍 A Distinctive Scene

🚀 Origins and Influence

🗣️ Cultural Significance

Historical Trajectory 📈

⏳ Early Foundations (1980s-1990s)

🌟 The "Dirty Decade" (1997-2007)

🏆 Mainstream Ascendancy (2000s)

Regional Hubs of Innovation 📍

⚜️ Louisiana: Bounce and Beyond

☀️ Florida: Miami Bass and Explicit Expression

🎶 Tennessee: Memphis Rap and Horrorcore

🍑 Georgia: Atlanta's Dominance

🤠 Texas: Slowed Beats and Houston's Influence

🌲 North Carolina: Emerging Voices

Key Subgenres 🎛️

💃 Bounce

🐌 Chopped and Screwed

📣 Crunk

🔊 Miami Bass

🏚️ Trap Music

👻 Memphis Rap

Linguistic Landscape: Southern Slang 🗣️

🥤 Lean (Sizzurp)

🏠 Trap House

💎 Flossin'

🤪 Ratchet

🗺️ Dirty South

Style and Influence 👔

🔄 Kris Kross's Backwards Trend

👑 Migos and Brand Influence

👟 Travis Scott's Collaborations

Teacher's Corner 🧑‍🏫

Edit and Print this course in the Wiki2Web Teacher Studio

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❓ Test Your Knowledge! ❓

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References

📜 References

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Disclaimer ⚠️

📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Introduction to Southern Hip-Hop

A Distinctive Scene

Origins and Influence

Cultural Significance

Historical Trajectory

Early Foundations (1980s-1990s)

The "Dirty Decade" (1997-2007)

Mainstream Ascendancy (2000s)

Regional Hubs of Innovation

Louisiana: Bounce and Beyond

Florida: Miami Bass and Explicit Expression

Tennessee: Memphis Rap and Horrorcore

Georgia: Atlanta's Dominance

Texas: Slowed Beats and Houston's Influence

North Carolina: Emerging Voices

Key Subgenres

Bounce

Chopped and Screwed

Crunk

Miami Bass

Trap Music

Memphis Rap

Linguistic Landscape: Southern Slang

Lean (Sizzurp)

Trap House

Flossin'

Ratchet

Dirty South

Style and Influence

Kris Kross's Backwards Trend

Migos and Brand Influence

Travis Scott's Collaborations

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice