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The Fiscal Compass

An authoritative exploration of the United States House Committee on the Budget, detailing its role in fiscal policy, budget process oversight, and legislative functions.

Understand the Committee ๐Ÿ‘‡ Explore its Functions โš™๏ธ

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Committee Overview

Foundational Role

The United States House Committee on the Budget is a standing committee within the U.S. House of Representatives. Its primary mandate involves legislative oversight of the federal budget process. This includes the critical review of all bills and resolutions pertaining to the budget, as well as monitoring agencies and programs that operate outside the formal budgetary framework.[1]

Historical Context

While currently a standing committee, its origins trace back to brief periods as a select committee in 1919 and 1921, during the 66th and 67th United States Congresses. It was formally established as a standing committee in 1974, marking a significant evolution in congressional fiscal oversight.[1]

Legislative Authority

The committee's work is central to the federal budget process. It is responsible for preparing the Concurrent Resolution on the Budget, which establishes aggregate levels for federal revenue and spending for a given fiscal year. This resolution, by law, must be adopted by Congress, though this deadline is frequently missed.[1]

Committee's Functional Role

Budget Resolution and Allocations

The committee's most significant output is the annual Congressional Budget Resolution. This document sets overall spending guidelines and allocates specific amounts of "new budget authority" to each House committee. These allocations are crucial for legislative consideration, as bills exceeding these limits are subject to points of order on the House floor, potentially preventing their passage unless the point of order is waived.[1]

Oversight and Enforcement

The committee actively engages in legislative oversight. It holds hearings on the President's annual budget request and reviews supplemental budget requests, often related to emergencies like natural disasters or ongoing military operations. The committee possesses the authority to amend, approve, or table budget-related legislation, and it plays a role in enforcing established federal budget rules, including the power to conduct investigations and subpoena witnesses.[1]

CBO Oversight

Furthermore, the committee exercises oversight responsibilities concerning the Congressional Budget Office (CBO). The CBO provides non-partisan analysis of budgetary and economic issues to support the Congressional budget process, making the committee's oversight vital for informed fiscal decision-making.[1]

Operational Rules

Meeting Cadence

The committee typically convenes on the second Wednesday of each month when the House is in session. However, this regular schedule is often waived, with meetings convened primarily when significant budgetary matters arise, particularly during the early part of the calendar year following the issuance of the President's budget.[1]

Procedural Requirements

Conducting business requires a quorum. For hearings, a minimum of two members must be present. Business meetings, such as mark-ups of legislative proposals, necessitate the presence of a majority of the committee's members. Failure to meet quorum requirements for passing legislation can render it vulnerable to points of order on the House floor.[2]

Member Engagement

The committee may only consider measures formally placed before it, either by the Chair or through a majority vote of its members. During hearings, members are recognized to question witnesses based on seniority when the hearing commences, or by order of arrival thereafter.[1]

Committee Membership

Current Leadership and Composition

For the 119th Congress, the committee is chaired by Representative Jodey Arrington (R-Texas). The Ranking Member is Representative Brendan Boyle (D-Pennsylvania). The committee comprises 37 seats, allocated with a majority of 21 seats for the Republican Party and 16 seats for the Democratic Party.[1]

Membership Term Limits

House rules impose term limits on committee service. Rank-and-file members must rotate off after three terms, while Chairs and Ranking Members are limited to four terms. However, these limits are frequently waived through House resolutions, allowing experienced members to continue their service.[2]

119th Congress Membership

Majority (Republican) Minority (Democratic)
  • Jodey Arrington, Texas, Chair
  • Ralph Norman, South Carolina
  • Tom McClintock, California
  • Glenn Grothman, Wisconsin
  • Lloyd Smucker, Pennsylvania
  • Buddy Carter, Georgia
  • Ben Cline, Virginia
  • Jack Bergman, Michigan
  • Chip Roy, Texas
  • Marlin Stutzman, Indiana
  • Blake Moore, Utah
  • Ron Estes, Kansas
  • Josh Brecheen, Oklahoma
  • Jay Obernolte, California
  • Mike Carey, Ohio
  • Chuck Edwards, North Carolina
  • Andrew Clyde, Georgia
  • Erin Houchin, Indiana
  • Addison McDowell, North Carolina
  • Brandon Gill, Texas
  • Tim Moore, North Carolina
  • Brendan Boyle, Pennsylvania, Ranking Member
  • Lloyd Doggett, Texas
  • Bobby Scott, Virginia
  • Scott Peters, California
  • Jimmy Panetta, California
  • Bonnie Watson Coleman, New Jersey
  • Stacey Plaskett, U.S. Virgin Islands
  • Veronica Escobar, Texas
  • Ilhan Omar, Minnesota
  • Becca Balint, Vermont
  • Marcy Kaptur, Ohio
  • Pramila Jayapal, Washington
  • Judy Chu, California (from February 5, 2025)
  • Paul Tonko, New York
  • Morgan McGarvey, Kentucky
  • Gabe Amo, Rhode Island

Resolutions electing members: H.Res. 13 (Chair), H.Res. 14 (Ranking Member), H.Res. 54 (R), H.Res. 55 (D), H.Res. 108 (Chu)[1]

Historical Membership

The committee has seen notable members who later achieved significant national roles. Former members include Leon Panetta, Rob Portman, Jim Nussle, John Kasich (who became Governor of Ohio), and Paul Ryan (who served as Speaker of the House). These individuals demonstrate the committee's role as a training ground for future national leaders in fiscal policy.

118th Congress

Majority (Republican) Minority (Democratic)
  • Jodey Arrington, Texas, Chair
  • Ralph Norman, South Carolina
  • Tom McClintock, California
  • Glenn Grothman, Wisconsin
  • Lloyd Smucker, Pennsylvania
  • Michael C. Burgess, Texas
  • Buddy Carter, Georgia
  • Ben Cline, Virginia
  • Bob Good, Virginia
  • Jack Bergman, Michigan
  • Drew Ferguson, Georgia
  • Chip Roy, Texas
  • Blake Moore, Utah
  • David Valadao, California
  • Ron Estes, Kansas
  • Stephanie Bice, Oklahoma (until January 9, 2024)
  • Lisa McClain, Michigan
  • Michelle Fischbach, Minnesota
  • Rudy Yakym, Indiana
  • Josh Brecheen, Oklahoma
  • Chuck Edwards, North Carolina (from January 10, 2024)
  • Greg Lopez, Colorado (from July 8, 2024)
  • Brendan Boyle, Pennsylvania, Ranking Member
  • Brian Higgins, New York
  • Jan Schakowsky, Illinois
  • Earl Blumenauer, Oregon
  • Dan Kildee, Michigan
  • Scott Peters, California
  • Barbara Lee, California
  • Lloyd Doggett, Texas
  • Jimmy Panetta, California
  • Jennifer Wexton, Virginia
  • Sheila Jackson Lee, Texas (until July 19, 2024)
  • Ilhan Omar, Minnesota, Vice Ranking Member
  • David Trone, Maryland
  • Becca Balint, Vermont
  • Bobby Scott, Virginia
  • Adriano Espaillat, New York

Sources: H.Res. 14, H.Res. 15, H.Res. 102, H.Res. 103, H.Res. 164, H.Res. 205, H.Res. 954[1]

117th Congress

Majority (Democratic) Minority (Republican)
  • John Yarmuth, Kentucky, Chair
  • Hakeem Jeffries, New York
  • Brian Higgins, New York
  • Brendan Boyle, Pennsylvania, Vice Chair
  • Lloyd Doggett, Texas
  • David Price, North Carolina
  • Jan Schakowsky, Illinois
  • Dan Kildee, Michigan
  • Joseph Morelle, New York
  • Steven Horsford, Nevada
  • Barbara Lee, California
  • Judy Chu, California
  • Stacey Plaskett, U.S. Virgin Islands
  • Jennifer Wexton, Virginia
  • Bobby Scott, Virginia
  • Sheila Jackson Lee, Texas
  • Jim Cooper, Tennessee
  • Albio Sires, New Jersey
  • Scott Peters, California
  • Seth Moulton, Massachusetts
  • Pramila Jayapal, Washington
  • Jason Smith, Missouri, Ranking Member
  • Blake Moore, Utah (since June 22, 2022)
  • Trent Kelly, Mississippi
  • Tom McClintock, California
  • Glenn Grothman, Wisconsin
  • Lloyd Smucker, Pennsylvania
  • Chris Jacobs, New York
  • Michael Burgess, Texas
  • Buddy Carter, Georgia
  • Ben Cline, Virginia
  • Lauren Boebert, Colorado
  • Byron Donalds, Florida
  • Randy Feenstra, Iowa
  • Bob Good, Virginia
  • Ashley Hinson, Iowa
  • Jay Obernolte, California
  • Marjorie Taylor Greene, Georgia (until February 4, 2021)
  • Carol Miller, West Virginia (since September 20, 2021)
  • Mike Carey, Ohio (since December 1, 2021)
  • Joe Sempolinski, New York (since September 13, 2022)

Sources: H.Res. 9, H.Res. 10, H.Res. 62, H.Res. 63, H.Res. 91, H.Res. 95, H.Res. 122, H.Res. 658, H.Res. 826, H.Res. 1197, H.Res. 1340[1]

116th Congress

Majority (Democratic) Minority (Republican)
  • John Yarmuth, Kentucky, Chair
  • Barbara Lee, California
  • Seth Moulton, Massachusetts
  • Hakeem Jeffries, New York
  • Brian Higgins, New York
  • Brendan Boyle, Pennsylvania
  • Rosa DeLauro, Connecticut
  • Lloyd Doggett, Texas
  • David Price, North Carolina
  • Jan Schakowsky, Illinois
  • Dan Kildee, Michigan
  • Jimmy Panetta, California
  • Joe Morelle, New York
  • Steven Horsford, Nevada
  • Bobby Scott, Virginia
  • Sheila Jackson Lee, Texas
  • Pramila Jayapal, Washington
  • Ilhan Omar, Minnesota
  • Jim Cooper, Tennessee
  • Ro Khanna, California
  • Scott Peters, California
  • Albio Sires, New Jersey
  • Steve Womack, Arkansas, Ranking Member
  • Rob Woodall, Georgia
  • Bill Johnson, Ohio, Vice Ranking Member
  • Jason Smith, Missouri
  • Bill Flores, Texas
  • George Holding, North Carolina
  • Chris Stewart, Utah
  • Ralph Norman, South Carolina
  • Kevin Hern, Oklahoma (since July 10, 2019)
  • Chip Roy, Texas
  • Dan Meuser, Pennsylvania
  • William Timmons, South Carolina
  • Dan Crenshaw, Texas
  • Tim Burchett, Tennessee
  • Chris Jacobs, New York (since July 21, 2020)

Sources: H.Res. 7, H.Res. 8, H.Res. 73, H.Res. 74, H.Res. 125, H.Res. 481, H.Res. 870, H.Res. 1058[1]

115th Congress

Majority (Republican) Minority (Democratic)
  • Steve Womack, Arkansas, Chair
  • Diane Black, Tennessee
  • Mario Dรญaz-Balart, Florida
  • Tom Cole, Oklahoma
  • Tom McClintock, California
  • Todd Rokita, Indiana, Vice Chair
  • Rob Woodall, Georgia
  • Mark Sanford, South Carolina
  • Dave Brat, Virginia
  • Glenn Grothman, Wisconsin
  • Gary Palmer, Alabama
  • Bruce Westerman, Arkansas
  • Jim Renacci, Ohio
  • Bill Johnson, Ohio
  • Jason Lewis, Minnesota
  • Jack Bergman, Michigan
  • John Faso, New York
  • Lloyd Smucker, Pennsylvania
  • Matt Gaetz, Florida
  • Jodey Arrington, Texas
  • Drew Ferguson, Georgia
  • John Yarmuth, Kentucky, Ranking Member
  • Barbara Lee, California
  • Michelle Lujan Grisham, New Mexico
  • Seth Moulton, Massachusetts
  • Hakeem Jeffries, New York
  • Brian Higgins, New York
  • Suzan DelBene, Washington
  • Debbie Wasserman Schultz, Florida
  • Brendan Boyle, Pennsylvania
  • Ro Khanna, California
  • Pramila Jayapal, Washington, Vice Ranking Member
  • Salud Carbajal, California
  • Sheila Jackson Lee, Texas
  • Jan Schakowsky, Illinois

Sources: H.Res. 6, H.Res. 7, H.Res. 36, H.Res. 45, H.Res. 52, H.Res. 95, H.Res. 131[1]

Historical Trajectory

Evolution of the Committee

The committee's journey began as a select committee during the 66th and 67th Congresses (1919-1921). It was later re-established as a standing committee in 1974, a pivotal moment that solidified its role in shaping the nation's fiscal landscape. This transition underscored the growing importance of structured congressional oversight over federal spending and revenue.[1]

Notable Former Members

The committee has served as a significant platform for members who later ascended to prominent national positions. Individuals like Leon Panetta, Rob Portman, Jim Nussle, John Kasich, and Paul Ryan have all served on the committee, leveraging their experience in fiscal matters to influence broader policy, including executive branch roles and leadership within Congress.[1]

Key Legislative Actions

Fiscal Year 2014 Budget

A notable piece of legislation reported out by the committee was the U.S. House Fiscal Year 2014 Budget, designated as H. Con. Res. 25 during the 113th Congress. This resolution was reported out of the Budget Committee on March 15, 2013, and subsequently passed the House of Representatives on March 21, 2013, by a vote of 221-207.[1]

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References

References

A full list of references for this article are available at the United States House Committee on the Budget Wikipedia page

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Disclaimer

Important Notice

This document has been generated by an Artificial Intelligence and is intended for informational and educational purposes exclusively. The content is derived from publicly available data, specifically the Wikipedia article on the United States House Committee on the Budget, and may not reflect the most current legislative status or all nuances of the committee's operations.

This is not official government information or policy advice. The information provided herein should not be considered a substitute for consulting official government sources, legislative documents, or seeking advice from qualified parliamentary procedure experts or policy analysts. Always refer to official U.S. government websites and publications for definitive information.

The creators of this page are not responsible for any inaccuracies, omissions, or actions taken based on the information presented.