What is the official name of Yemen and where is it geographically located?

Yemen's official name is the Republic of Yemen. It is located in West Asia, specifically in southern Arabia, forming part of the West Asian region.

Which countries share a land border with Yemen, and what bodies of water border it?

Yemen shares land borders with Saudi Arabia to the north and Oman to the northeast. It is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the east, the Gulf of Aden to the south, and the Red Sea to the west.

What is Yemen's approximate land area and its rank in size among Arabian Peninsula countries?

Yemen covers approximately 455,503 square kilometers (175,871 square miles), making it the second-largest country on the Arabian Peninsula.

What are the constitutional capital and the government seat of Yemen?

Sanaa is Yemen's constitutional capital, while Aden serves as the seat of its provisional government.

What is the estimated population of Yemen, and what are the primary ethnic and religious affiliations?

As of a 2023 estimate, Yemen's population is around 34.7 million. The population is predominantly Arab and Muslim, with a small percentage adhering to other religions.

Which major international organizations is Yemen a member of?

Yemen is a member of the Arab League, the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement, and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.

How has Yemen's geographic location influenced its history?

Due to its strategic location, Yemen has been a crossroads of civilizations for over 7,000 years, influencing trade and cultural exchange across various ancient kingdoms and empires.

Which ancient kingdoms played significant roles in Yemen's early history?

The Sabaean Kingdom, existing from approximately 1000 BCE to 275 CE, and the Himyarite Kingdom, which succeeded it around 275 CE, were prominent ancient kingdoms in Yemen.

What was the significance of the Great Dam of Marib?

The Great Dam of Marib, built by the Sabaeans around 940 BC, was a crucial piece of infrastructure designed to manage seasonal flash floods for irrigation, highlighting the advanced engineering capabilities of the time.

How did Christianity and Islam arrive and spread in Yemen?

Christianity reached Yemen in the fourth century CE, followed by the rapid spread of Islam in the seventh century, after which Yemen became a significant center for Islamic learning.

What historical role did Yemen play in the global coffee trade?

For centuries, Yemen was a primary producer and exporter of coffee, with the port of Mocha being a key hub for this trade.

How was Yemen divided during the 19th century, and what political entities emerged after World War I?

During the 19th century, Yemen was divided between the Ottoman and British empires. After World War I, the Kingdom of Yemen was established, which later became the Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen) in 1962, while the British Aden Protectorate became the independent People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (South Yemen) in 1967.

When did the two Yemeni states unify, and who served as the first president of the unified Republic of Yemen?

The two Yemeni states unified on May 22, 1990, to form the modern Republic of Yemen. Ali Abdullah Saleh served as its first president until his resignation in 2012.

What triggered the political crisis in Yemen starting in 2011?

The political crisis began with street protests against poverty, unemployment, and corruption, exacerbated by President Saleh's plan to amend the constitution and eliminate presidential term limits.

What is the current status of Yemen's economy and its development ranking?

Yemen is classified as one of the least developed countries globally and is among the poorest in the Middle East and North Africa region, facing significant challenges to sustainable development.

What is the etymological origin of the name 'Yemen'?

The name 'Yemen' likely derives from the Old South Arabian term 'Yamnat,' possibly referring to the southwestern coastline of the Arabian Peninsula. Another theory suggests it relates to 'yamn' or 'yumn,' meaning 'felicity' or 'blessed,' due to the region's fertility compared to other parts of Arabia.

What did the Romans call Yemen, and why?

The Romans referred to ancient Yemen as Arabia Felix, which translates to 'happy' or 'fortunate Arabia,' likely due to its perceived prosperity and fertility compared to the more arid regions of the peninsula.

What significant ancient structure was built by the Sabaeans in Yemen?

The Sabaeans built the Great Dam of Marib around 940 BC, an impressive feat of engineering designed to withstand seasonal floods and support agriculture.

What was the role of the 'Mukarrib' in the Sabaean Kingdom?

The 'Mukarrib' was the title adopted by Sabaean rulers, generally understood to mean 'unifier' or 'priest-king,' signifying their role in consolidating various tribes under the kingdom's authority.

What religious shifts occurred in Yemen between the 4th and 7th centuries CE?

Christianity arrived in Yemen in the fourth century, followed by the significant spread of Islam in the seventh century, which deeply influenced the region's culture and learning.

Which dynasty moved the capital of Yemen to Jibla and sent missionaries to India?

The Sulayhid dynasty, particularly under the rule of Queen Arwa al-Sulayhi, moved the capital to Jibla and sent Ismaili missionaries to India.

Who was Queen Arwa al-Sulayhi, and what is her legacy?

Queen Arwa al-Sulayhi ruled Yemen from 1087 to 1138 CE, moving the capital to Jibla and fostering diplomatic ties. She is remembered as a beloved sovereign, often referred to as 'the junior queen of Sheba'.

Which European power intervened in Yemen starting in the 15th century, and what were their objectives?

Portugal intervened in Yemen starting in the 15th century, aiming to dominate Indian Ocean trade by controlling ports like Aden and islands like Socotra, and seeking to disrupt Muslim trade routes.

What were the Ottoman Empire's primary interests in Yemen?

The Ottomans were interested in Yemen to safeguard the Islamic holy cities of Mecca and Medina and to protect the trade route with India, which was threatened by the Portuguese presence in the Indian Ocean and Red Sea.

How did the Ottomans describe Yemen upon their return in the 16th century?

The Ottoman governor of Egypt described Yemen as 'a land with no lord, an empty province,' suggesting it was easy to capture and could provide significant wealth to Constantinople if controlled.

What challenges did the Ottomans face in controlling Yemen's highlands?

The Ottomans faced significant challenges in controlling Yemen's highlands due to constant tribal revolts and resistance from Zaydi tribes, who viewed the Ottoman reforms as heretical.

What was the outcome of the Saudi-Yemeni war in 1934?

Following the 1934 Saudi-Yemeni war, Imam Yahya ceded territories including Najran, Asir, and Jazan to Saudi Arabia for 20 years and signed a treaty recognizing British sovereignty over the Aden protectorate.

What was the significance of Aden for the British Empire?

Aden was crucial for the British Empire as a coal depot to service their steamers traveling to India. It grew into a world city and became the second-busiest port globally after New York City during World War II.

What led to the North Yemen Civil War in 1962?

The North Yemen Civil War was sparked by an attempted coup by army officers following the death of Imam Ahmad bin Yahya in 1962, challenging the modernization efforts of the Mutawakkilite monarchy.

When did South Yemen gain independence, and what was its political orientation?

South Yemen, comprising Aden and the former Protectorate of South Arabia, gained independence on November 30, 1967, and became the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, the only officially socialist state in the Arab world at that time.

What were the main causes of the 2011 Yemeni Revolution?

The 2011 Yemeni Revolution was driven by widespread public discontent over unemployment, economic conditions, corruption, and President Saleh's attempts to alter the constitution to allow his son to inherit the presidency.

What role did Tawakul Karman play during the 2011 Yemeni Revolution?

Tawakul Karman, a Yemeni human rights activist, won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2011, highlighting the international attention on the pro-democracy movement and the violence used against protesters.

What is the current political situation regarding the leadership of Yemen?

Currently, Yemen is led by the Presidential Leadership Council, formed in April 2022 after the resignation of President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi. However, Houthi rebels maintain control over parts of the country, including the capital, Sana'a, through their Supreme Political Council.

What are the main geographical regions of Yemen?

Yemen can be divided into four main geographical regions: the coastal plains (Tihamah) along the Red Sea, the western highlands, the eastern highlands, and the Rub' al Khali desert in the east.

What is the Tihamah region known for?

The Tihamah, meaning 'hot lands,' is an arid coastal plain along Yemen's Red Sea coastline characterized by its marshy conditions, sand dunes, and significant groundwater reserves, though it is also a breeding ground for malaria-carrying mosquitoes.

What is the highest point in Yemen and on the Arabian Peninsula?

The highest point in Yemen and the entire Arabian Peninsula is Jabal An-Nabi Shu'ayb, reaching approximately 3,666 meters (12,028 feet) above sea level.

How does Yemen rank in terms of water stress and climate change preparedness?

Yemen is considered one of the world's most vulnerable countries to climate change and is among the least prepared to handle its effects. It is also ranked as the sixth most water-stressed country globally.

What are the six proposed federal regions of Yemen?

The proposed federal regions of Yemen include Saada, Al Jawf, Hadhramaut, Al Mahrah, Hajjah, 'Amran, Al Mahwit, Sanaa Municipality, Sana'a Governorate, Ma'rib, Al Hudaydah, Raymah, Dhamar, Ibb, Dhale, Al Bayda, Shabwah, Taiz, Lahij, Abyan, Aden, and Socotra.

What is the primary economic sector in Yemen, and what role does petroleum play?

Services constitute the largest economic sector in Yemen. Petroleum production is significant, accounting for about 25% of the GDP and a substantial portion of government revenue.

What are the main agricultural products of Yemen?

Yemen's principal agricultural commodities include grains, vegetables, fruits, pulses, qat, coffee, cotton, dairy products, fish, livestock, and poultry.

What is the major problem associated with qat cultivation in Yemen?

The cultivation of qat is a significant issue in Yemen due to its high water consumption, drawing a large percentage of the water from sources like the Sana'a Basin, which contributes to water scarcity and impacts food security.

What are the main industries in Yemen?

Yemen's industrial sector primarily focuses on crude oil production and refining, food processing, handicrafts, textiles, leather goods, aluminum products, cement, and natural gas production.

What were Yemen's main export and import commodities in 2013?

In 2013, Yemen's main exports were crude oil, coffee, dried and salted fish, and liquefied natural gas. Its imports consisted mainly of machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, livestock, and chemicals.

What are the key challenges facing Yemen's water supply and sanitation sector?

Yemen faces severe water scarcity, high poverty levels hindering cost recovery for services, limited institutional capacity for infrastructure management, and a deteriorating security situation that impedes improvements.

What is the demographic trend for Yemen's population?

Yemen's population is projected to increase significantly, from approximately 33 million in 2021 to an estimated 60 million by 2050, driven by a high total fertility rate.

What is the significance of the Hadhrami people in Yemen and beyond?

The Hadhrami people, originating from the Hadhramaut region of southern Yemen, have a significant diaspora in Southeast Asia, East Africa, and the Indian subcontinent, with notable communities in Singapore.

What are the main languages spoken in Yemen?

Modern Standard Arabic is the official language, while Yemeni Arabic is the common vernacular. Several non-Arabic languages, such as Mehri and Soqotri, are spoken in specific regions like Al Mahrah Governorate and Socotra Island.

What is the religious composition of Yemen?

Islam is the state religion, with the population primarily divided between Sunni Muslims (mostly Shafi'i) and Shia Muslims (predominantly Zaydi). There are also small minorities of other Islamic sects and non-Muslims.

How does Yemen rank in terms of religious freedom for Christians?

Yemen is ranked fifth on Open Doors' 2022 World Watch List, indicating that Christians in the country face extremely severe persecution.

What is the status of education in Yemen, particularly regarding literacy rates?

The adult literacy rate in Yemen was 64% in 2010, and the government has committed to reducing illiteracy. However, compulsory attendance is not consistently enforced, and educational services are particularly scarce in rural areas.

What health challenges does Yemen face?

Yemen's health system is underdeveloped, with scarce services, especially in rural areas. The country has been severely impacted by a humanitarian crisis, including famine and cholera outbreaks, exacerbated by the ongoing civil war.

Yemen Wiki: Yemen: Crossroads of Antiquity and Modernity

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Nation Overview

Geographic Context

Yemen, officially the Republic of Yemen, is a sovereign state situated in West Asia, specifically at the southern extremity of the Arabian Peninsula. Its strategic location places it at the nexus of ancient trade routes, bordering Saudi Arabia to the north and Oman to the northeast. With extensive coastlines along the Arabian Sea and the Red Sea, Yemen is the second-largest country on the Arabian Peninsula.

Population and Society

The nation's capital and largest city is Sana'a, though Aden serves as the current provisional government seat. Yemen's population is estimated to be over 34 million, predominantly composed of Arab Muslims. The country is a member of significant international bodies, including the Arab League, the United Nations, and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.

Political Status

Yemen operates as a unitary provisional republic. However, its contemporary political landscape is profoundly shaped by an ongoing civil war, which has led to significant humanitarian challenges and instability. The nation faces considerable obstacles to sustainable development, ranking among the least developed countries globally.

Geographical Landscape

Territorial Extent

Yemen encompasses a total area of approximately 455,503 square kilometers (175,871 square miles), positioning it as the second-largest nation on the Arabian Peninsula. Its territorial configuration includes mainland Yemen and the Socotra Archipelago. The nation's extensive maritime border stretches approximately 2,000 kilometers (1,200 miles) along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Aden.

Diverse Topography

The geography of Yemen is characterized by significant diversity. It features a coastal plain along the Red Sea and the Arabian Sea, transitioning into mountainous regions, most notably the Sarawat Mountains in the west. Inland areas include high desert plateaus and the Rub' al Khali desert. The country's varied terrain influences its climate and settlement patterns.

Water Resources

Yemen faces critical challenges regarding water resources. Many of its streams and natural aquifers are reported to be drying up, leading to severe water scarcity. This environmental strain exacerbates existing socio-economic difficulties and impacts agricultural sustainability.

Historical Trajectory

Ancient Civilizations

Yemen's history is exceptionally long, dating back over 7,000 years. It was home to advanced civilizations such as the Sabaean Kingdom (c. 1000 BCE – 275 CE), renowned for its sophisticated irrigation systems like the Great Dam of Marib. Later, the Himyarite Kingdom dominated the region, experiencing periods of Jewish and Christian influence before the advent of Islam in the 7th century CE.

Islamic Era and Dynasties

Following the arrival of Islam, Yemen became a significant center of Islamic learning. Various dynasties, including the Ziyadids, Yu'firids, Sulayhids (notably under Queen Arwa), Ayyubids, Rasulids, and Tahirids, ruled Yemen through the medieval period. These eras saw the development of distinct architectural styles, centers of scholarship, and complex political structures.

Colonial Encounters and Modern Statehood

The modern history of Yemen is marked by the influence of external powers. The Ottoman Empire exerted control over parts of Yemen, while the British established a significant presence in Aden and the surrounding protectorates. The 20th century witnessed the unification of North Yemen (Yemen Arab Republic) and South Yemen (People's Democratic Republic of Yemen) in 1990, followed by internal conflicts and the ongoing civil war that began in 2014.

Etymological Roots

Origins of the Name

The term "Yemen" likely derives from the Old South Arabian inscription "Yamnat," possibly referring to the southwestern coastline of the Arabian Peninsula. Alternative etymologies suggest a connection to "yamn" or "yumn," meaning "felicity" or "blessed," perhaps due to the region's relative fertility compared to other parts of Arabia. The Romans referred to this fertile land as Arabia Felix, contrasting it with the harsher terrains.

Governance Structure

Republic and Leadership

Yemen is constitutionally a republic. The capital city is Sana'a, although the current seat of the internationally recognized government is Aden. The nation's political leadership includes the Chairman of the Presidential Leadership Council, currently Rashad al-Alimi, and the Prime Minister, Salem Saleh bin Braik. The legislative branch consists of a Parliament, comprising the House of Representatives and the Shura Council.

Constitutional Framework

The current constitution was established in 1991, following the unification of North and South Yemen. However, the ongoing civil conflict has significantly impacted the effective functioning of state institutions and the implementation of constitutional governance, leading to a complex and fragmented political reality.

Population and Society

Ethnic and Religious Composition

The population of Yemen is predominantly Arab, constituting approximately 92.8% of the populace according to 2000 estimates. Significant minority groups include Somalis. The religious landscape is overwhelmingly dominated by Islam, with estimates indicating around 99.1% adherence, divided between Sunni and Zaydi Shia branches. A small percentage adheres to other faiths.

Language

The official and national language of Yemen is Arabic. Various dialects are spoken across the country, reflecting its diverse regional history and influences.

Economic Indicators

Economic Standing

Yemen is classified as one of the least developed countries globally, facing substantial economic challenges. As of recent estimates (2023), its GDP (PPP) is valued at approximately $69.963 billion, with a per capita income of $2,053. The nominal GDP stands at $21.045 billion, with a per capita of $617. The Human Development Index (HDI) is low, ranking 184th globally, reflecting significant developmental deficits.

Development and Inequality

The Gini coefficient for Yemen indicates a moderate level of income inequality. The nation's economic situation is severely impacted by the ongoing conflict, which has led to widespread humanitarian crises, including famine and a breakdown of essential services, further hindering sustainable development prospects.

Currency and Time

The official currency of Yemen is the Yemeni Rial (YER). The country observes Arabia Standard Time (AST), which is UTC+3. These basic economic and temporal markers frame Yemen's place within the global system.

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References

Disputed by Muhammad Ahmed Miftah of the Supreme Political Council

Quran 27:6-93

Quran 34:15-18

Abdul Wali A. al-Khulaidi, Flora of Yemen, Sustainable Environmental Management Program (YEM/97/100), Republic of Yemen, June 2000, p. 7

Bloom & Blair 2009, Vernacular architecture; VII. Yemen

Breisinger, C., Diao, X., Collion, M. H., & Rondot, P. (2011). Impacts of the triple global crisis on growth and poverty: The case of Yemen. Development Policy Review, 29(2), 155â184

A full list of references for this article are available at the Yemen Wikipedia page

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This document has been generated by an AI system, drawing upon publicly available data from Wikipedia. It is intended for academic and informational purposes only, providing a structured overview of Yemen. While efforts have been made to ensure accuracy and comprehensiveness based on the source material, the content may not reflect the most current or nuanced realities on the ground.

This is not professional advice. The information presented here does not constitute geopolitical, economic, or historical consultation. Users are advised to consult primary sources and expert analyses for in-depth understanding and decision-making. The creators of this page assume no liability for any errors, omissions, or actions taken based on the information provided.

Yemen: Crossroads of Antiquity and Modernity

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

Nation Overview 🌍

📍 Geographic Context

👥 Population and Society

⚖️ Political Status

Geographical Landscape 🏞️

🗺️ Territorial Extent

⛰️ Diverse Topography

💧 Water Resources

Historical Trajectory ⏳

🏛️ Ancient Civilizations

🕌 Islamic Era and Dynasties

⚔️ Colonial Encounters and Modern Statehood

Etymological Roots 🏷️

🗣️ Origins of the Name

Governance Structure 🏛️

⚖️ Republic and Leadership

📜 Constitutional Framework

Population and Society 👥

👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 Ethnic and Religious Composition

🗣️ Language

Economic Indicators 💰

📈 Economic Standing

📊 Development and Inequality

💸 Currency and Time

Teacher's Corner 🧑‍🏫

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References

📜 References

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Academic Disclaimer ⚠️

📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Nation Overview

Geographic Context

Population and Society

Political Status

Geographical Landscape

Territorial Extent

Diverse Topography

Water Resources

Historical Trajectory

Ancient Civilizations

Islamic Era and Dynasties

Colonial Encounters and Modern Statehood

Etymological Roots

Origins of the Name

Governance Structure

Republic and Leadership

Constitutional Framework

Population and Society

Ethnic and Religious Composition

Language

Economic Indicators

Economic Standing

Development and Inequality

Currency and Time

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Academic Disclaimer

Important Notice