What is the full official name of the Botanical Garden located in Valencia, Spain?

The Botanical Garden of Valencia is officially known as the Botanical Garden of the University of Valencia, and its name in the Valencian language is Jardí Botànic de la Universitat de València.

In which neighborhood of Valencia is the Botanical Garden situated, and on which street?

The Botanical Garden of Valencia is located on calle Quart in the El Botànic neighborhood of Valencia, Spain.

Which academic institution is administratively responsible for the Botanical Garden of Valencia?

The Botanical Garden of Valencia depends administratively on the University of Valencia.

What international organization recognizes and includes the Botanical Garden of Valencia among its members?

The Botanical Garden of Valencia is a member of Botanical Gardens Conservation International (BGCI), an organization focused on the conservation of plant diversity.

When was the Botanical Garden of Valencia established on its current site?

The Botanical Garden of Valencia officially opened on its present site in the year 1802.

What was the primary historical purpose for cultivating plants at the University of Valencia prior to the formal establishment of the botanical garden?

Prior to the formal establishment of the botanical garden, the University of Valencia cultivated plants primarily for medicinal purposes, a practice closely tied to its medical education programs.

In which century can documented records of plots for growing medicinal plants at the University of Valencia be found?

Documented records of plots dedicated to growing medicinal plants at the University of Valencia date back to the 16th century.

When was the earliest reference made to a professorship focused on 'simples' or 'herbs' at the University of Valencia?

The earliest reference to a professorship concerning 'simples' or 'herbs' at the University of Valencia was made in 1499, with teachers being appointed to it in 1501.

What specific botanical task was Joan Plaça assigned by the municipal government of Valencia in 1567?

In 1567, Joan Plaça was appointed as a doctor of medicine and tasked with botanizing, which involved collecting plant species, and was provided with a garden for teaching these plants.

What did Rector Lores propose in 1757 regarding the development of a botanical garden?

In 1757, Rector Lores proposed a comprehensive botanical garden that would include an orchard, museum, teaching and conference space, and ancillary services, suggesting a location near the Albereda avenue.

Which intellectual movement influenced the 18th-century development of Botany as a distinct science and the concept of botanical gardens?

The development of Botany as a science separate from Medicine and the broader concept of a botanical garden were significantly influenced by Enlightenment thought, which promoted a renewed interest in natural resources and agricultural improvements.

What role did the Valencian Economic Society play in the initiative to establish a botanical garden?

The Valencian Economic Society, interested in agricultural advancements, worked with the city government to secure land for a scientific facility and a public promenade, viewing the project as beneficial for science, instruction, and recreation.

What were the differing priorities between the University and the Valencian Economic Society concerning the botanical garden project?

The University's priority was to create a systematic botanical collection for scientific and teaching purposes, representing the broader botanical sphere, whereas the Economic Society focused on maximizing the garden's utility for agriculture.

What were the reasons cited for the suspension of planting activities after the city granted land to the University in 1798?

Planting was suspended due to concerns about the poor quality of the soil and the inconveniences the garden might cause to the adjacent Albereda promenade.

In 1802, what was the name of the new site provided for the Botanical Garden, and how was it irrigated?

The new, definitive site offered in 1802 was called the Tramoieres, located in calle Quart. It was irrigated using border irrigation directly from the Rovella irrigation channel.

Who was appointed to lead the new Botanical Garden facility established in 1802, and what was the approximate size of the site?

Vicente Alfonso Lorente was appointed in charge of the new facility, which encompassed a trapezoidal site of approximately four hectares.

What planting system was used in the initial layout of the Botanical Garden, and what other facilities were part of the original design?

The planting plots were arranged in a checkerboard system based on the Linnaeus system. The garden also included facilities for herbaria, premises for the professor of Botany, and buildings for gardeners and other outbuildings.

How did the Napoleonic invasion affect the Botanical Garden and its director, Vicente Alfonso Lorente?

The Napoleonic invasion caused destruction in the Quart suburb, and its director, Vicente Alfonso Lorente, was imprisoned and sentenced to death, only being saved by the intervention of the French botanist Léon Dufour.

Who was the key figure leading the Botanical Garden during the mid-19th century, and what significant reforms did he implement?

Josep Pizcueta, Professor of Medicine, led the garden from 1829 to 1867. He implemented reforms that established the garden as the leading botanical garden in Spain and oversaw experiments on plant acclimatization.

What organizational change was made to the garden's plant classification in 1843, and by whom?

In 1843, Josep Pizcueta, with assistance from Félix Robillard, replaced the Linnaeus system of organization with the natural method developed by Endlicher.

What significant acclimatization installations were added to the garden following the 1845 study programme reform?

Following the 1845 reform, the garden received resources for plantations and acclimatization installations, including a large wooden greenhouse designed by architect Timoteu Calvo, a conservatory, and small heated spaces.

When was the first catalogue of the Botanical Garden published, and what did it document?

The catalogue of the garden was published in 1856, documenting over 6,000 living species and its herbarium.

Describe the iron and glass conservatory constructed between 1860 and 1862, including its design and dimensions.

Designed by Sebastià Monleón in 1859 and built between 1860 and 1862, the conservatory is made of iron and glass, considered advanced for its time. It measures 24 meters long, has an inner diameter of 8.25 meters, stands 9 meters high, and features a glazed surface area of 465 square meters.

What was the scientific rationale provided by the University to justify the funding for the large conservatory?

The University argued that the conservatory was scientifically necessary to maintain the hundreds of exotic plants already acquired and to preserve the garden's standing among Europe's leading botanical institutions by keeping pace with scientific advancements.

Which building was constructed to house management and research departments at the garden?

A building topped with a turret was later attached to the greenhouse wall to house management and research departments.

What architectural inspiration was used for the shade garden that opened in 1900?

The shade garden, opened in 1900 and designed by architect Mélida Alinar, was constructed of iron on a brick base and was inspired by the glass canopies commonly found in railway stations of that era.

How did the garden's practical and experimental role evolve during the late 19th century?

The garden's practical and experimental role was enhanced during the late 19th century, particularly in the context of an agricultural boom, under the direction of Rafael Cisternes and Josep Arévalo Baca, and with the opening of the northern extension in 1878.

What significant natural disaster affected the Botanical Garden in 1957, and who was credited with its restoration?

The garden was restored after the flood of 1957, a process attributed to the tenacity of its director, Ignacio Docavo.

What were the key components of the comprehensive rehabilitation project undertaken under director Manuel Costa?

The comprehensive rehabilitation project led by Manuel Costa involved restructuring the garden's plantations, implementing alternative irrigation techniques, improving plot care, and restoring architectural elements such as the outer fence, greenhouses, heated spaces, the shade garden, and the pavilion.

When was the research building at the Botanical Garden constructed, and where is it located?

The research building was constructed in 2000 on the site of expropriated buildings that face calle Quart.

What are the current primary functions of the Botanical Garden of the University of Valencia?

Currently, the Botanical Garden functions as a center for botanical study, research, development, and dissemination, while also preserving its historic character and serving as a significant feature of the urban landscape.

What specific areas of research are undertaken by the Botanical Garden?

The Botanical Garden undertakes research focused on flora, biosystems, and vegetation, and actively participates in international projects concerning vegetational biodiversity and the study of native plants.

What resources does the Botanical Garden provide for researchers and students?

The Botanical Garden offers resources such as a library, a herbarium, and a repository of germplasm for study and research purposes.

How does the Botanical Garden engage with the public and the scientific community?

The garden actively promotes engagement through conferences for specialists, day classes, meetings, and exhibitions, functioning as a vital center for scientific and teaching activities.

What is particularly noteworthy about the collection of adult palms at the Botanical Garden of Valencia?

The collection of adult palms housed at the Botanical Garden of Valencia is recognized as one of the largest collections of its kind in Europe.

Besides adult palms, what other types of collections or features are present in the Botanical Garden?

In addition to adult palms, the garden features several greenhouses, a shade garden, collections of aquatic plants and succulents, a rockery, an aquarium, and an aviary.

What is the significance of the Valencian Economic Society as described in the notes section?

The Valencian Economic Society is described as an institution from the era of European enlightened reformism, functioning as a study and debate club that focused on national affairs and economic development informed by Enlightenment principles.

When was the Botanical Garden of Valencia officially recognized as a Place of Cultural Interest?

The Botanical Garden of Valencia was declared a Place of Cultural Interest through its publication in the Boletín Oficial del Estado (BOE) n° 275, dated November 17, 2006.

What external resources are available for further information about the Botanical Garden of Valencia?

Further information about the Botanical Garden of Valencia can be found on its official website and through a link providing information and reports related to its defence.

What types of authority control databases are used to identify the Botanical Garden of Valencia?

The Botanical Garden of Valencia is identified through various authority control databases, including international identifiers like ISNI and VIAF, national identifiers from Germany (GND), the United States (LOC), Spain (BNE), and Catalonia (CANTIC), as well as geographic identifiers from BGCI and other sources like IdRef and Yale LUX.

What are the precise geographic coordinates of the Botanical Garden of Valencia?

The geographic coordinates for the Botanical Garden of Valencia are 39°28′37.32″N and 0°23′12.08″W.

What is the Valencian name for the Botanical Garden of Valencia?

The Valencian name for the Botanical Garden of Valencia is Jardí Botànic de la Universitat de València.

What architectural inspiration influenced the design of the shade garden opened in 1900?

The shade garden, completed in 1900, was designed with inspiration drawn from the glass canopies characteristic of railway stations from that period.

What was the purpose of the building that was later attached to the greenhouse wall?

The building attached to the greenhouse wall was constructed to serve as housing for the garden's management and research departments.

What specific type of irrigation channel was utilized for watering the new site of the Botanical Garden in 1802?

The new site acquired in 1802 was irrigated using border irrigation, drawing water directly from the Rovella irrigation channel.

What was the approximate area of the trapezoidal site designated for the Botanical Garden when it was established in 1802?

The trapezoidal site designated for the Botanical Garden in 1802 measured approximately four hectares.

Which natural classification system replaced the Linnaeus system for organizing plants in the garden in 1843?

In 1843, the Linnaeus system for organizing the garden's plants was replaced by the natural method developed by Endlicher.

What specific plant species are mentioned as being housed in the large conservatory due to their significant height?

The large conservatory was capable of housing tall plants, such as Astarapea, Aralia racemosa, Chorisia speciosa, and Ficus benjamina, which could exceed 5 meters in height.

How does the Botanical Garden of the University of Valencia contribute to the urban landscape today?

Today, the Botanical Garden serves as a vegetated, architectural, and historical space, making a significant contribution as a feature of the urban landscape in Valencia.

What was the historical significance of the professorship of 'simples' or 'herbs' in the early development of the Botanical Garden?

The professorship of 'simples' or 'herbs,' established in the early 16th century, was crucial as it directly linked to the cultivation of medicinal plants, laying the groundwork for the eventual establishment of the botanical garden.

Botanical Garden Of Valencia Wiki: Valencia's Verdant Heart: A Botanical Journey

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Introduction

A Hub of Botanical Study

The Botanical Garden of the University of Valencia, known in Valencian as Jardí Botànic de la Universitat de València, is a distinguished botanical garden situated on Calle Quart in the El Botànic neighborhood of Valencia, Spain. This esteemed institution operates under the administrative purview of the University of Valencia and holds membership in Botanical Gardens Conservation International (BGCI). It serves as a vital center for scientific research, educational outreach, and public engagement with the botanical world.

Location and Coordinates

Strategically located within the vibrant city of Valencia, the garden's precise geographical positioning is marked by the following coordinates:

Latitude: 39°28′37.32″N
Longitude: 0°23′12.08″W

These coordinates place it within the Valencian Community, a region of Spain renowned for its rich biodiversity and historical significance.

Geographic Context

The garden's presence in Valencia situates it within a region that has a long-standing appreciation for natural sciences and agricultural innovation. Its establishment reflects the broader Enlightenment-era emphasis on cataloging and understanding the natural world, a movement that significantly influenced academic institutions across Europe.

A Legacy of Botanical Exploration

Early Cultivation and Medicinal Roots

The University of Valencia has a documented history of cultivating medicinal plants dating back to the 16th century, intrinsically linked to its medical education programs which commenced as early as 1462. The earliest formal reference to such a garden project emerges from 1499, with the planning of a professorship in "simples" or herbs. By 1501, instructors were appointed, solidifying the garden's initial purpose: the cultivation of herbs for medicinal applications. This focus intensified in 1548 with the creation of a chair for medical practice and, subsequently in 1560, the separation of "simples" teaching into an independent department. By 1567, municipal authorities mandated the collection and cultivation of species for teaching, underscoring the garden's foundational role in medical pedagogy.

Enlightenment Influence and Expansion

The mid-18th century saw a more ambitious vision for the botanical garden. In 1733, the University considered a proposal for a dedicated enclosure, but it was Rector Lores in 1757 who articulated a comprehensive plan for a botanical garden featuring an orchard, museum, teaching facilities, and support services. This vision was endorsed by the city in 1778, though its realization was delayed. The concept of a botanical garden evolved significantly during the Enlightenment, separating Botany as a distinct scientific discipline from Medicine. Influenced by this intellectual climate and a growing interest in natural resources, figures like Gregori Maians advocated in 1767 for a university-managed garden focused on medicinal plants. The University's curriculum reform in 1786, which formally separated the Professorship of Botany from Medicine, rendered a dedicated Botanical Garden a practical necessity.

Foundational Years

Collaboration and Site Selection

The Valencian Economic Society (Reial Societat Econòmica d’Amics del País de València), keen on agricultural advancements, collaborated with the city government to secure land for this scientific facility, envisioning it as a public promenade as well. However, the integration of scientific, instructional, and recreational objectives proved complex, as each entity prioritized its own agenda. The University emphasized systematic botanical collections for scientific and teaching purposes, while the Society focused on agricultural utility. The city eventually granted land to the University in 1798, but initial planting efforts were halted due to soil quality and proximity issues with the adjacent promenade. A definitive site was offered in 1802, located on Calle Quart, adjacent to the San Sebastian Minima convent and near the Túria river, irrigated by the Rovella channel. This marked the inception of the present-day Botanical Garden.

Inception and Early Challenges

Inauguration and Academic Integration

The University entrusted the development of this new facility to the renowned botanist Vicente Alfonso Lorente. The site, a trapezoidal area of approximately four hectares, was organized using the Linnaean system of plots, alongside provisions for herbaria, professorial offices, and gardener facilities. The garden's successful establishment quickly garnered recognition among leading botanists, fostering connections with institutions like the Royal Botanical Garden in Madrid. This promising beginning was soon disrupted by the Napoleonic invasion, which particularly impacted the Quart suburb. Lorente himself faced imprisonment and a death sentence, narrowly escaping execution through the intervention of French botanist Léon Dufour.

19th-Century Flourishing

Revival and Scientific Advancement

Following the war and Lorente's death in 1813, the garden experienced a period of recovery under the extensive leadership of Professor of Medicine Josep Pizcueta from 1829 to 1867. Pizcueta initiated significant reforms, elevating the garden to prominence as Spain's leading botanical institution. In response to the Economic Society's request, acclimatization experiments with American flora were conducted. Concurrently, the chair of Agriculture was established, directed by Joaquín Carrascosa. The Royal Order of 1834 sanctioned the integration of agricultural and botanical teaching at the garden, leading to its expansion.

Architectural Innovation and Collections Growth

In 1843, Pizcueta, with assistance from Félix Robillard, transitioned the garden's organization from the Linnaean system to Endlicher's natural method. Following a curriculum reform in 1845, substantial resources were allocated for plantations and acclimatization installations. This included a grand wooden greenhouse, designed by architect Timoteu Calvo, along with a conservatory and smaller heated spaces, which markedly accelerated the growth and success of the specimens. The garden's 1856 catalogue documented over 6,000 living species and its herbarium.

The Iconic Conservatory

A significant milestone was the construction of the iron and glass conservatory between 1860 and 1862, based on an 1859 design by architect Sebastià Monleón. This structure, measuring 24m long with an 8.25m inner diameter and 9m height, represented a pioneering use of materials for its time. Its glazed surface area of 465m², forming a quarter-circle against a vertical wall, allowed for the accommodation of large tropical plants. The University successfully argued for its funding, citing the scientific necessity to maintain exotic species and preserve the garden's standing among leading European institutions.

Further Developments and Shade Garden

An attached turreted building was later added to the conservatory wall, housing administrative and research departments. While some original features like wooden structures and shade gardens have been lost, the main greenhouse has been meticulously reconstructed based on 1867 plans. Towards the end of the 19th century, small greenhouses were erected near the seed nursery under Arévalo Baca's direction. The largest greenhouse, known as "the raft," was completed in 1888. In 1900, the distinctive shade garden, designed by M. Alinar and constructed with iron and brick, was opened, inspired by contemporary railway station canopies, marking the completion of the site's major architectural works.

20th & 21st Century Evolution

Resilience and Rehabilitation

The garden demonstrated remarkable resilience, notably recovering from the devastating flood of 1957 under the determined leadership of Director Ignacio Docavo. Between 1962 and 1968, several damaged structures were restored, with an aim to integrate additional scientific elements. A subsequent comprehensive rehabilitation, spearheaded by Professor Manuel Costa, revitalized both the garden's horticultural aspects—including plantation restructuring, alternative irrigation, and plot management—and its key architectural features, such as the perimeter fence, greenhouses, shade garden, and pavilion. A dedicated research building was constructed in 2000 on land acquired from expropriated properties facing Calle Quart.

Contemporary Role and Research

Today, the Botanical Garden of the University of Valencia continues its dual mission: preserving its historical heritage while functioning as a dynamic center for botanical study, research, development, and dissemination. It actively engages in research concerning flora, biosystems, and vegetation, and participates in international projects focused on vegetational biodiversity and the study of native plant species. The garden maintains valuable resources including a library, a herbarium, and a germplasm repository, and actively promotes scholarly exchange through conferences, workshops, meetings, and exhibitions.

Notable Collections

Arboreal Diversity

The garden boasts an impressive collection of mature palms, representing one of the most extensive assortments of palm species found anywhere in Europe. This collection highlights the global reach of botanical study and conservation efforts.

Specialized Environments

To house its diverse botanical specimens, the garden features several distinct environments:

Greenhouses: Controlled environments providing optimal conditions for a wide array of plant species.
Shade Garden: An area designed for plants that thrive in less direct sunlight.
Aquatic Plants: Collections showcasing flora adapted to aquatic or semi-aquatic habitats.
Succulents: Displays of drought-tolerant plants, adapted to arid conditions.
Rockery: Gardens simulating alpine or rocky terrains, housing specialized plant communities.
Aquarium: An exhibit dedicated to aquatic flora and potentially associated fauna.
Aviary: An enclosure for birds, often integrated to showcase ecological relationships within botanical settings.

Important Notes

Contextual Information

The establishment of the Botanical Garden of Valencia is recognized as an initiative rooted in the reformist spirit of the European Enlightenment. It functioned not only as a scientific and educational facility but also as a forum for discussion and debate on national affairs and economic development, reflecting the era's intellectual currents.

References

Source Citations

The information presented herein is derived from various sources, including official documentation and academic records. Key references include:

Jardí Botànic de la Universitat de València, Botanical Gardens Conservation International.

Additionally, this content references the declaration of the garden as a Place of Cultural Interest, as published in the Boletín Oficial del Estado (BOE) No. 275, dated November 17, 2006.

External Resources

Further Exploration

For deeper insights and additional information, please consult the following external resources:

Botanical Garden of Valencia Official Website
Archived reports in defense of the Botanical Garden

Authority Control

Identifiers

This section provides standardized identifiers for the Botanical Garden of Valencia, facilitating cross-referencing across various databases and academic resources.

International	ISNI VIAF
National	Germany (GND) United States (LOC) 2 Spain (BNE) Catalonia (CANTIC)
Geographic	BGCI garden
Other	IdRef Yale LUX

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References

An institution established in the context of European enlightened reformism. It was a study and debate club focussed on national affairs and economic development on the basis of Enlightenment ideas.

A full list of references for this article are available at the Botanical Garden of Valencia Wikipedia page

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Important Notice

This page has been meticulously crafted by an Artificial Intelligence, drawing upon publicly available data from Wikipedia. It is intended solely for informational and educational purposes, aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of the Botanical Garden of Valencia.

This content is not a substitute for professional advice. While efforts have been made to ensure accuracy and completeness, the information provided should not be considered definitive or a replacement for consulting official sources or seeking expert guidance. The AI does not guarantee the absolute accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of the information.

The creators of this page are not liable for any errors, omissions, or for any actions taken based on the information presented herein. Users are encouraged to verify information with primary sources.

Valencia's Verdant Heart

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

Introduction ℹ️

🏛️ A Hub of Botanical Study

📍 Location and Coordinates

🗺️ Geographic Context

A Legacy of Botanical Exploration 📜

🌱 Early Cultivation and Medicinal Roots

💡 Enlightenment Influence and Expansion

Foundational Years 🌳

🤝 Collaboration and Site Selection

Inception and Early Challenges 🚀

🧑‍🏫 Inauguration and Academic Integration

19th-Century Flourishing 📈

🌟 Revival and Scientific Advancement

🏗️ Architectural Innovation and Collections Growth

💎 The Iconic Conservatory

🌿 Further Developments and Shade Garden

20th & 21st Century Evolution ⏳

🌊 Resilience and Rehabilitation

🔬 Contemporary Role and Research

Notable Collections 📚

🌴 Arboreal Diversity

🏠 Specialized Environments

Important Notes 📌

📝 Contextual Information

References 🔗

📚 Source Citations

External Resources 🌐

🔗 Further Exploration

Authority Control 🗂️

ID Identifiers

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Disclaimer ⚠️

📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Introduction

A Hub of Botanical Study

Location and Coordinates

Geographic Context

A Legacy of Botanical Exploration

Early Cultivation and Medicinal Roots

Enlightenment Influence and Expansion

Foundational Years

Collaboration and Site Selection

Inception and Early Challenges

Inauguration and Academic Integration

19th-Century Flourishing

Revival and Scientific Advancement

Architectural Innovation and Collections Growth

The Iconic Conservatory

Further Developments and Shade Garden

20th & 21st Century Evolution

Resilience and Rehabilitation

Contemporary Role and Research

Notable Collections

Arboreal Diversity

Specialized Environments

Important Notes

Contextual Information

References

Source Citations

External Resources

Further Exploration

Authority Control

Identifiers

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice