What is the official name of Indonesia's national anthem and its English translation?

The national anthem of Indonesia is officially named 'Indonesia Raya', which translates to 'Great Indonesia' in English. This title reflects the aspirations for a unified and prosperous nation.

Who composed the music and wrote the original lyrics for 'Indonesia Raya'?

The music and original lyrics for 'Indonesia Raya' were composed by Wage Rudolf Supratman in 1924. He is recognized as the sole creator of the anthem's foundational elements.

When was 'Indonesia Raya' first introduced, and at what significant event?

Wage Rudolf Supratman first introduced 'Indonesia Raya' on October 28, 1928, during the Youth Pledge event held in Jakarta. This event was a pivotal moment for Indonesian nationalism, where young people declared their commitment to one nation, one language, and one homeland.

What was the historical significance of 'Indonesia Raya' at the time of its introduction?

The song 'Indonesia Raya' marked the emergence of the archipelago nationalist movement in Indonesia, which aimed to achieve independence from Dutch colonial rule. It served as an anthem of unity and resistance against foreign occupation.

Which newspaper was the first to openly publish the musical notation and lyrics of 'Indonesia Raya', and why was this act significant?

The Chinese Indonesian weekly newspaper *Sin Po* was the first to openly publish the musical notation and lyrics of 'Indonesia Raya'. This act was a direct defiance of the Dutch colonial authorities, demonstrating a bold stance in support of Indonesian nationalism.

When did 'Indonesia Raya' officially become the national anthem of Indonesia?

The first stanza of 'Indonesia Raya' was chosen as the national anthem when Indonesia proclaimed its independence on August 17, 1945. It was officially adopted on August 17, 1950.

Who created the widely used philharmonic orchestra arrangement of 'Indonesia Raya', and when was it made?

Jozef Cleber, a Dutch composer, created the widely used arrangement of 'Indonesia Raya' for a philharmonic orchestra on August 17, 1950. This arrangement became prominent after Sumatra became an integral part of the Republic of Indonesia.

How is 'Indonesia Raya' typically played during flag-raising ceremonies in Indonesian schools?

In Indonesian schools, 'Indonesia Raya' is played during flag-raising ceremonies every Monday. The flag is raised in a solemn and timed manner, ensuring it reaches the top of the flagpole precisely as the anthem concludes.

What is the protocol for individuals present during the rendition or singing of the national anthem in Indonesia?

During the rendition or singing of the national anthem, all individuals present are required to stand, face the music, and show respect. Members of the Armed Forces and other uniformed personnel, such as secondary school students, must render a military salute.

What inspired Wage Rudolf Soepratman to compose a national anthem for Indonesia?

Wage Rudolf Soepratman was inspired to compose a national anthem after reading an essay in *Timbul* magazine. The essay challenged Indonesian music experts to create a future national anthem for the country, prompting Soepratman, a musician himself, to take on the task.

When and where did Soepratman complete the initial version of his song, and what was its original title?

Soepratman completed the initial version of his song in 1924 during his time in Bandung, and it was originally titled 'Indonesia'. This early composition laid the groundwork for what would become the national anthem.

What was the primary objective of the first Indonesian Youth Congress in 1928?

The primary objective of the first Indonesian Youth Congress in 1928 was to serve as an official meeting to advocate for the independence of the Indonesian nation. It brought together young people from across the archipelago to unite for a common cause.

Why did the organizers of the Youth Congress initially request Wage Rudolf Soepratman not to publish his story about the event?

The organizers of the Youth Congress requested Wage Rudolf Soepratman not to publish his story to avoid suspicion from Dutch colonial authorities. They wanted to prevent the Dutch from banning the event, which was crucial for their independence efforts.

When and how did Soepratman first perform 'Indonesia' for the Youth Congress attendees?

Soepratman first performed his song 'Indonesia' on the violin on October 28, 1928, during the Second Indonesian Youth Congress. He did so after receiving encouragement from the conference leader, Sugondo Djojopuspito, with the hope that it would become the national anthem.

What was Soepratman's initial decision regarding the script of his song after its first performance?

After its first performance, Soepratman kept the script of his song to himself, believing it was not yet the appropriate time to publicly announce it. This cautious approach was likely due to the sensitive political climate under Dutch colonial rule.

How was the text of 'Indonesia' distributed following the Second Youth Congress?

Following the Second Youth Congress, the text of 'Indonesia' was distributed by numerous political and student organizations. The press also played a significant role, with dailies like *Soeloeh Ra'jat Indonesia* and the weekly *Sin Po* publishing the lyrics.

When did Wage Rudolf Supratman change the title of his song to 'Indonesia Raya' and add the phrase 'national anthem of Indonesia'?

In 1929, Wage Rudolf Supratman changed the title of his song to 'Indonesia Raya' and appended the phrase 'national anthem of Indonesia' below it. Despite the title change, the lyrics of the song remained the same.

How did Soepratman initially distribute copies of 'Indonesia Raya' with its new title?

Soepratman personally printed and distributed copies of 'Indonesia Raya' with its new title through pamphlets. All one thousand copies of the manuscript were quickly sold to his friends and family, indicating its immediate popularity.

Who was Tio Tek Hong, and what was his role in the early distribution of 'Indonesia Raya' records?

Tio Tek Hong was a prominent Indonesian businessman and record executive who contacted Supratman. They agreed to issue the first records of the anthem, with Supratman retaining copyright, contributing to its wider dissemination.

What action did the Dutch colonial authorities take regarding the song 'Indonesia Raya' in 1930?

In 1930, the Dutch colonial authorities placed a ban on the song 'Indonesia Raya' and confiscated all remaining unsold records. This action demonstrated their suppression of nationalist sentiments.

Who was Yo Kim Tjan, and what was his attempt to record 'Indonesia Raya' overseas?

Yo Kim Tjan was a businessman friend of Soepratman who expressed interest in recording 'Indonesia Raya'. With Soepratman's consent, Yo created a copy of the song on a gramophone record overseas to achieve the best sound quality, intending to bring it back to Indonesia.

Why was Yo Kim Tjan unable to bring the original recording of 'Indonesia Raya' back to Indonesia?

Yo Kim Tjan was unable to bring the original recording of 'Indonesia Raya' back to Indonesia because Dutch colonial authorities had imposed a ban on the song before he could do so. He was, however, able to bring home a copy.

What rights did Soepratman grant to Yo Kim Tjan regarding the sale of 'Indonesia Raya' records?

According to Yo Kim Tjan, Soepratman had given him the rights to sell record copies of 'Indonesia Raya' through his store, Toko Populair. This arrangement facilitated the song's distribution despite colonial restrictions.

Why did the Indonesian Government appeal to Jozef Cleber in 1950?

The Indonesian Government appealed to Jozef Cleber in 1950 because there was no existing orchestral version of the anthem. They sought his expertise to compose a symphonic rendition of 'Indonesia Raya'.

What was Jozef Cleber's background when he was asked to orchestrate 'Indonesia Raya'?

Jozef Cleber was an experienced arranger, known for his work on both Western and Indonesian pop songs. He was part of the Cosmopolitan Orchestra, sent by the Netherlands government to assist Indonesia with its music development in Jakarta.

How was the first orchestral recording of 'Indonesia Raya' made under Cleber's direction?

The first orchestral recording of 'Indonesia Raya' was made under Cleber's direction in early 1951 using a newly acquired Phillips reel-to-reel audio tape recorder. Musicians from all three radio orchestras of RRI Jakarta participated in the recording.

What feedback did President Sukarno initially give on Cleber's first orchestral performance of 'Indonesia Raya'?

President Sukarno initially found Cleber's first orchestral performance of 'Indonesia Raya' to be 'too frilly'. He requested something more akin to the 'red and white Indonesian flag' and in the 'grave tempo' of the Dutch anthem 'Wilhelmus'.

How did Jozef Cleber modify his arrangement of 'Indonesia Raya' to meet President Sukarno's requests?

Jozef Cleber considered Sukarno's request for the 'grave tempo' of 'Wilhelmus' impossible, but he discerned a character similar to 'La Marseillaise' in the tune. He then made a second arrangement, marked *maestoso con bravura*, as a compromise, which Sukarno approved, with an additional request for a *grazioso* section before the climax.

How long did Jozef Cleber's final version of the anthem remain in use?

Jozef Cleber's final version of the anthem remained in use for 47 years. This long duration highlights its significance and acceptance as the definitive arrangement.

When and by whom was a remastered version of 'Indonesia Raya' composed?

A remastered version of 'Indonesia Raya' was composed in 1998 by Addie MS. This version was part of his album *Simfoni Negeriku* (My country's symphony).

Describe the musical characteristics of Cleber's orchestral arrangement of 'Indonesia Raya'.

Cleber's orchestral arrangement of 'Indonesia Raya' begins with a *Tutti* of strings and trumpets in Verse A, creating a brave and elegant sound. The middle section (Verse B) is played smoothly by strings, and the climax (Verse C) features another *Tutti* of strings and trumpets, along with timpani, snare drums, and cymbals, producing a brave sound fitting for a national anthem.

What question arose concerning the ownership of 'Indonesia Raya' in 1951?

In 1951, the ownership of the copyright to 'Indonesia Raya' came into question. This prompted President Sukarno to initiate a search for Wage Rudolf Soepratman's rightful heir to clarify the legal rights to the anthem.

Who was legally considered the copyright holder of 'Indonesia Raya' as its composer?

By law, Wage Rudolf Supratman was considered the copyright holder of 'Indonesia Raya' as its composer. Upon his death in 1938, the ownership of the rights to his works would typically pass to his designated heirs.

To whom did the ownership rights of Soepratman's works fall after his death?

After Soepratman's death in 1938, the ownership of the rights to his works fell upon his four surviving sisters, who were his designated heirs. This is a common legal practice for intellectual property after the creator's passing.

What happened to the ownership of 'Indonesia Raya' after it was officially adopted as the national anthem?

After 'Indonesia Raya' was officially adopted as the national anthem of Indonesia on August 17, 1945, the work became the property of the state. However, the name of Wage Rudolf Supratman must still be listed as its creator.

Why can copies of 'Indonesia Raya' not be circulated as merchandise for sale?

As a national anthem, copies of 'Indonesia Raya' cannot be circulated as merchandise to be sold. This is because it is considered property of the state, and its use is regulated to maintain its national significance rather than for commercial profit.

When did the Indonesian government obtain the sole right to 'Indonesia Raya' from Soepratman's family?

In 1958, the Indonesian government obtained the sole right to 'Indonesia Raya' from Soepratman's family. This acquisition consolidated the anthem's legal status as state property.

What did Yo Kim Tjan do with the original record of 'Indonesia Raya' after the government acquired the rights?

The following year after the government acquired the rights, Yo Kim Tjan handed the original record of 'Indonesia Raya' to the Indonesian government. This action ensured the preservation of the anthem's historical recording.

How were Soepratman's sisters compensated for the government's acquisition of the anthem's rights?

On May 31, 1960, with the recommendation of the Department of Education, the government rewarded Soepratman's sisters with 250,000 Indonesian rupiah each. This compensation acknowledged their familial rights to the composer's work.

What is the legal basis for 'Indonesia Raya' being the national anthem of Indonesia?

The legal basis for 'Indonesia Raya' being the national anthem of Indonesia is stipulated by Chapter XV, Article 36B of the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. This constitutional provision formally recognizes its status.

Which part of 'Indonesia Raya' is designated to serve as the national anthem, according to state regulation?

Pursuant to the 1958 State Gazette no. 44, only the first stanza of 'Indonesia Raya' is designated to serve the function of a national anthem. This regulation specifies the official version for national use.

Are there any official translations of 'Indonesia Raya' into other languages?

No, there is no official translation of 'Indonesia Raya' into other languages. While unofficial translations have existed, the government does not endorse any specific foreign language version.

What happened to the English, German, and Dutch translations of 'Indonesia Raya' published by *Harian Umum* in 1953?

On October 28, 1953, the *Harian Umum* daily published its own English, German, and Dutch translations of 'Indonesia Raya' for the anthem's 25th anniversary, which were used in a Ministry of Information bulletin. However, these translations are no longer published.

What is the meaning of the phrase 'Tanah tumpah darahku' in the lyrics of 'Indonesia Raya'?

The phrase 'Tanah tumpah darahku' from the lyrics of 'Indonesia Raya' translates to 'The land where I shed my blood' in English. This line evokes a deep sense of patriotism and sacrifice for the homeland.

What is the core message conveyed by the refrain 'Indonesia Raya, merdeka! Merdeka!'?

The core message conveyed by the refrain 'Indonesia Raya, merdeka! Merdeka!' is 'Great Indonesia, Independent & sovereign!'. This powerful declaration emphasizes the nation's freedom and self-governance.

What does the line 'Bangunlah jiwanya, bangunlah badannya' encourage in the context of the anthem?

The line 'Bangunlah jiwanya, bangunlah badannya' encourages the building of the nation's soul and body. This implies a call for both spiritual and physical development for the betterment of Great Indonesia.

What is the significance of the 'Music sheet of Indonesia Raya' image in the article?

The image displays the music sheet of 'Indonesia Raya', providing a visual representation of the anthem's composition. This allows readers to see the musical notation and structure of the national song.

What does the image caption for the video file 'Propaganda Jepang Indonesia Raya Nippon Eigasha 2605.webm' describe?

The image caption describes a Japanese propaganda film from approximately 1945 that emphasizes 'Indonesia Raya'. During the Japanese occupation, this song held equal status to 'Kimigayo' as the de facto national anthem of Indonesia.

What is the description provided for the audio sample of 'Indonesia Raya'?

The description for the audio sample of 'Indonesia Raya' indicates that it is an instrumental rendition by the U.S. Navy Band, performed in A-flat major. This provides information about the specific recording featured.

Indonesia Raya Wiki: Echoes of Nusantara: The Genesis and Significance of Indonesia Raya

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

When you are ready...
🎮 Play the Wiki2Web Clarity Challenge Game🎮

What is Indonesia Raya?

The Voice of a Nation

"Indonesia Raya," meaning 'Great Indonesia,' stands as the revered national anthem of the Republic of Indonesia. Its adoption on August 17, 1945, coincided with the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, cementing its status as a symbol of national sovereignty and aspiration.^[1]

Composed by Wage Rudolf Supratman

The anthem was introduced by its visionary composer, Wage Rudolf Supratman, on October 28, 1928, during the pivotal Youth Pledge event in Jakarta.^[1] This performance was not merely a musical debut but a profound statement, marking the emergence of a unified nationalist movement across the archipelago, dedicated to achieving independence from Dutch colonial rule.

A Bold Publication

In an act of remarkable defiance against the Dutch authorities, the Chinese Indonesian weekly newspaper Sin Po became the first publication to openly print the musical notation and lyrics of "Indonesia Raya." This courageous act underscored the song's burgeoning role as an emblem of national identity and resistance.^[2]

History & Genesis

The Spark of Inspiration

Wage Rudolf Supratman, a musician residing in Jakarta, was profoundly moved by an essay in Timbul magazine that challenged Indonesian music experts to compose a national anthem. Accepting this challenge, Supratman began his composition in 1924, completing the initial version of the song, then simply titled "Indonesia," during his time in Bandung.^[6]

The Youth Pledge Debut

The Second Indonesian Youth Congress in 1928 provided the perfect stage for the anthem's unofficial debut. Despite initial caution from organizers to avoid Dutch colonial suspicion, Supratman, a young reporter, was granted access after promising discretion. Inspired by the fervent nationalist discussions, and with encouragement from conference leader Sugondo Djojopuspito, Supratman performed "Indonesia" on his violin, envisioning its future as the national anthem. He judiciously kept the score private, recognizing the sensitive political climate.^[6]^[7]

Widespread Distribution & Suppression

Following the Congress, the lyrics of "Indonesia" rapidly spread through various political and student organizations. Newspapers like Soeloeh Ra'jat Indonesia (November 7, 1928) and Sin Po (November 10, 1928) published the words, amplifying its reach.^[8] In 1929, Supratman officially retitled his work "Indonesia Raya" and added the subtitle "national anthem of Indonesia." He personally printed and distributed a thousand copies of the manuscript, which quickly sold out.^[9] However, the anthem's growing popularity alarmed Dutch colonial authorities, leading to a ban on the song and the confiscation of all unsold records by 1930.^[12]

Evolution & Orchestration

Jozef Cleber's Symphonic Arrangement

Initially, "Indonesia Raya" lacked a formal orchestral arrangement. In 1950, the newly independent Indonesian government commissioned Dutch composer Jozef Cleber to create a symphonic rendition.^[14] Cleber, an experienced arranger, was part of the Cosmopolitan Orchestra sent by the Netherlands to aid Indonesia's musical development.

Presidential Refinement

Cleber's initial recording in early 1951, featuring musicians from Radio Republik Indonesia (RRI) Jakarta, was presented to President Sukarno. Sukarno found it "too frilly," requesting a more dignified character, akin to the "red and white Indonesian flag," and a grave tempo reminiscent of the Dutch anthem "Wilhelmus." While deeming the latter impossible, Cleber discerned a "Marseillaise" character in the tune and produced a second arrangement, marked maestoso con bravura, as a compromise. Sukarno approved this version, with a final request for a grazioso ("Liefelijk") section to precede the climax.^[15]

The Enduring Sound

This refined version by Cleber served as the official anthem for 47 years. Its arrangement begins with a powerful Tutti of strings and trumpets in Verse A, conveying a brave and elegant sound. The middle section (Verse B) is played smoothly by strings, building to a final, brave Tutti in Verse C, incorporating timpani, snare drums, and cymbals, perfectly befitting a respected national anthem.^[16] In 1998, a remastered version was produced by Addie MS, performed by his Twilite Orchestra, the Victorian Philharmonic Orchestra, and the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra, as part of the album Simfoni Negeriku (My country’s symphony).^[15]

Ownership & Legacy

Copyright and State Property

In 1951, questions arose regarding the copyright of "Indonesia Raya." Legally, Wage Rudolf Supratman, as the composer, was the original copyright holder. Following his passing in 1938, these rights transferred to his four surviving sisters. However, upon its official adoption as the national anthem on August 17, 1945, "Indonesia Raya" transitioned into state property. Despite this, the law mandates that Wage Rudolf Supratman must always be credited as its creator.^[17]^[18]

Securing the Rights

Given its status as a national anthem, "Indonesia Raya" cannot be commercially circulated as merchandise. Consequently, the Indonesian government assumed the responsibility of acquiring all distribution rights, including the original recording held by businessman Yo Kim Tjan. In 1958, the government successfully obtained the sole rights to the anthem from Supratman's family.^[19] The following year, Yo Kim Tjan formally handed over the original record to the government. In recognition of their brother's monumental contribution, Supratman's sisters were each awarded 250,000 Indonesian rupiah on May 31, 1960, upon the recommendation of the Department of Education.^[20]

Legal & Protocol

Constitutional Mandate

The status of "Indonesia Raya" as the national anthem is enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, specifically in Chapter XV, Article 36B.^[21] Further legal clarification, provided by the 1958 State Gazette no. 44, stipulates that only the first stanza of "Indonesia Raya" is to be utilized for official national anthem functions.^[22]

Observance & Ceremony

The national anthem plays a central role in various ceremonial events across Indonesia. Notably, it is performed during flag-raising ceremonies held every Monday in schools nationwide. These ceremonies are conducted with solemnity and precision, ensuring the flag reaches the top of the flagpole precisely as the anthem concludes. The most significant flag-raising ceremony occurs annually on August 17th, commemorating Independence Day, typically led by the President of Indonesia at Merdeka Palace.

Respectful Conduct

During the rendition or singing of "Indonesia Raya," all individuals present are expected to stand respectfully, facing the direction of the music. Members of the Indonesian National Armed Forces and other uniformed personnel, such as secondary school students, are required to render a military salute, signifying their respect for the national symbol.^[5]

Lyrics & Translations

The Words of Unity

While there is no officially sanctioned translation of "Indonesia Raya" into other languages, its powerful lyrics resonate deeply with the Indonesian people. In 1953, on the anthem's 25th anniversary, the Harian Umum daily published its own English, German, and Dutch translations, which were subsequently used in a bulletin by the Ministry of Information. However, these translations are no longer officially published.^[23]

Official Indonesian text^[24]	Van Ophuijsen orthography^[25]	English translation^[26]
Indonesia, tanah airku Tanah tumpah darahku Di sanalah aku berdiri Jadi pandu ibuku Indonesia, kebangsaanku Bangsa dan tanah airku Marilah kita berseru Indonesia bersatu! Hiduplah tanahku, hiduplah negeriku Bangsaku, rakyatku, semuanya Bangunlah jiwanya, bangunlah badannya Untuk Indonesia Raya Refrain: Indonesia Raya, merdeka! Merdeka! Tanahku, negeriku yang kucinta Indonesia Raya, merdeka! Merdeka! Hiduplah Indonesia Raya! Indonesia, tanah yang mulia Tanah kita yang kaya Di sanalah aku berdiri Untuk selama-lamanya Indonesia, tanah pusaka Pusaka kita semuanya Marilah kita mendoa "Indonesia bahagia!" Suburlah tanahnya, suburlah jiwanya Bangsanya, rakyatnya, semuanya Sadarlah hatinya, sadarlah budinya Untuk Indonesia Raya Refrain Indonesia, tanah yang suci Tanah kita yang sakti Di sanalah aku berdiri Menjaga ibu sejati Indonesia, tanah berseri Tanah yang aku sayangi Marilah kita berjanji "Indonesia abadi!" Selamatlah rakyatnya, selamatlah putranya Pulaunya, lautnya, semuanya Majulah negerinya, majulah pandunya Untuk Indonesia Raya Refrain	Indonesia, tanah airkoe Tanah toempah darahkoe Di sanalah akoe berdiri Djadi pandoe iboekoe Indonesia, kebangsaankoe Bangsa dan tanah airkoe Marilah kita berseroe Indonesia bersatoe! Hidoeplah tanahkoe, hidoeplah negrikoe Bangsakoe, ra'jatkoe, sem'wanja Bangoenlah djiwanja, bangoenlah badannja Oentoek Indonesia Raja Refrain: Indonesia Raja, merdeka! merdeka! Tanahkoe, negrikoe jang koetjinta Indonesia Raja, merdeka! merdeka! Hidoeplah Indonesia Raja! Indonesia, tanah jang moelia Tanah kita jang kaja Di sanalah akoe berdiri Oentoek slama-lamanja Indonesia, tanah poesaka P'saka kita semoeanja Marilah kita mendo'a Indonesia bahagia! Soeboerlah tanahnja, soeboerlah djiwanja Bangsanja, ra'jatnja, sem'wanja Sadarlah hatinja, sadarlah boedinja Oentoek Indonesia Raja Refrain Indonesia, tanah jang soetji Tanah kita jang sakti Di sanalah akoe berdiri 'Ndjaga iboe sedjati Indonesia, tanah berseri Tanah jang akoe sajangi Marilah kita berdjandji Indonesia abadi! S'lamatlah ra'jatnja, s'lamatlah poetranja Poelaunja, laoetnja, sem'wanja Madjoelah neg'rinja, madjoelah pandoenja Oentoek Indonesia Raja Refrain	Indonesia, my homeland The land where I shed my blood Right there, I stand To be a guide of my motherland. Indonesia, my nationality My nation and my homeland Let us exclaim Indonesia unites. Long live my land, Long live my state My nation, my people, entirely Let us build its soul, Let us build its body For the Great Indonesia. Chorus: Great Indonesia, Independent & sovereign, My land, my country which I love Great Indonesia, Independent & sovereign! Long live Great Indonesia! Indonesia, a noble land Our wealthy land Right there, I stand Forever and ever. Indonesia, a hereditary land A heritage of ours Let us pray To Indonesians' happiness. Fertile may its soil, Flourish may its soul Its nation, its people, entirely, Aware may its heart, Aware may its mind, For Great Indonesia. Chorus Indonesia, a sacred land, Our victorious land, Right there, I stand, To guard the pure motherland. Indonesia, a radiant land, A land which I adore, Let us pledge, Indonesia is eternal, Safe may its people, Safe may its children, Its islands, its seas, entirely, The state progresses, its scouts advance, For Great Indonesia. Chorus

Teacher's Corner

Edit and Print this course in the Wiki2Web Teacher Studio

Edit and Print Materials from this study in the wiki2web studio

Click here to open the "Indonesia Raya" Wiki2Web Studio curriculum kit

Use the free Wiki2web Studio to generate printable flashcards, worksheets, exams, and export your materials as a web page or an interactive game.

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Are you ready for the Wiki2Web Clarity Challenge?

Learn about indonesia_raya while playing the wiki2web Clarity Challenge game.

Unlock the mystery image and prove your knowledge by earning trophies. This simple game is addictively fun and is a great way to learn!

Play now

Explore More Topics

Discover other topics to study!

caleb cushing

military of ancient egypt

seaside resort

quantum mechanics

other backward class

biological pest control

2019–20 michigan state spartans men's basketball team

airi suzuki

congressional budget office

leonardo grosso della rovere

References

Panitia Penyusun Naskah Brosur Lagu Kebangsaan Indonesia Raya 1972, p. 37

Panitia Penyusun Naskah Brosur Lagu Kebangsaan Indonesia Raya 1972, p. 38

Bondan Winarno: "Indonesia Raya" Versi Jos Cleber Kompas, 17 August 2000

Panitia Penyusun Naskah Brosur Lagu Kebangsaan Indonesia Raya 1972, p. 61

Panitia Penyusun Naskah Brosur Lagu Kebangsaan Indonesia Raya 1972, p. 62

Panitia Penyusun Naskah Brosur Lagu Kebangsaan Indonesia Raya 1972, p. 64

Panitia Penyusun Naskah Brosur Lagu Kebangsaan Indonesia Raya 1972, p. 59

A full list of references for this article are available at the Indonesia Raya Wikipedia page

Feedback & Support

To report an issue with this page, or to find out ways to support the mission, please click here.

Disclaimer

Important Notice

This page was generated by an Artificial Intelligence and is intended for informational and educational purposes only. The content is based on a snapshot of publicly available data from Wikipedia and may not be entirely accurate, complete, or up-to-date.

This is not official government information or legal advice. The information provided on this website regarding national symbols, history, or legal protocols is for general understanding and academic study only. Always refer to official Indonesian government publications, historical archives, and legal documents for definitive and authoritative information. Never disregard official guidance or historical scholarship because of something you have read on this website.

The creators of this page are not responsible for any errors or omissions, or for any actions taken based on the information provided herein.

Echoes of Nusantara: The Genesis and Significance of Indonesia Raya

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

What is Indonesia Raya? 🇮🇩

🎵 The Voice of a Nation

✍️ Composed by Wage Rudolf Supratman

📰 A Bold Publication

History & Genesis 📜

💡 The Spark of Inspiration

🤝 The Youth Pledge Debut

📢 Widespread Distribution & Suppression

Evolution & Orchestration 🎼

🎻 Jozef Cleber's Symphonic Arrangement

👑 Presidential Refinement

🔊 The Enduring Sound

Ownership & Legacy ⚖️

📜 Copyright and State Property

💰 Securing the Rights

Legal & Protocol 🏛️

📖 Constitutional Mandate

ceremonials Observance & Ceremony

🫡 Respectful Conduct

Lyrics & Translations 📝

🗣️ The Words of Unity

Teacher's Corner 🧑‍🏫

Edit and Print this course in the Wiki2Web Teacher Studio

True or False? 🤔

❓ Test Your Knowledge! ❓

Gamer's Corner 🎮

Are you ready for the Wiki2Web Clarity Challenge?

Explore More Topics

📜 Discover other topics to study!

References

📜 References

Feedback & Support 👍

To report an issue with this page, or to find out ways to support the mission, please click here.

Disclaimer ⚠️

📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

What is Indonesia Raya?

The Voice of a Nation

Composed by Wage Rudolf Supratman

A Bold Publication

History & Genesis

The Spark of Inspiration

The Youth Pledge Debut

Widespread Distribution & Suppression

Evolution & Orchestration

Jozef Cleber's Symphonic Arrangement

Presidential Refinement

The Enduring Sound

Ownership & Legacy

Copyright and State Property

Securing the Rights

Legal & Protocol

Constitutional Mandate

Observance & Ceremony

Respectful Conduct

Lyrics & Translations

The Words of Unity

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice